[Acute colonic pseudoobstruction: Ogilvie's syndrome].

Based on literature and own original clinical data authors conclude that Ogilvie's syndrome is the form of dynamic obstruction of colon due to lesion of retroperitoneal neural nodes, heart failure and intoxication. Ogilvie's syndrome complicates therapeutic and surgical diseases. This syndrome can be manifested with acute abdomen symptoms and at 22% cases may be the cause of surgical treatment. Ogilvie's syndrome is successfully treated with evacuation of intestinal contents, but the risk of recurrence after this treatment is high. Ethiotropic therapy, correction of water-electrolytic balance and tissues oxygenation, administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are the more effective treatment of this syndrome.

[Foreign bodies of the rectum].

The experience in the treatment of 143 patients with foreign bodies of the rectum and sigmoid colon is analyzed. Groups of foreign bodies are distinguished according to their size, structure and ways of occurring. Methods of extraction of foreign bodies in typical and non-typical situations are described. It is demonstrated that in 2.8% cases of extraction surgeries laparotomy is required even without perforation of this organ.

[Treatment of epithelial coccygeal fistula].

Analysis of treatment of 822 patients with epithelial coccygeal fistula has demonstrated that purulent complication is indication for primary radical surgery. Number of complications and recurrences decreases if the first focus of inflammation is treated and epithelial fistula is resected after healing of the wound. Anaerobic inflammation is seen in 0.4% patients with purulent epithelial coccygeal fistula. These patients require radical resection of affected tissues and general intensive therapy. There were no lethal outcomes after treatment of inflammatory complications. Hospital stay was 7.7 bed-days. All the surgical methods have disadvantages. Proposed method demonstrates the best results. Suppuration of the wounds was seen in 0.7% cases, recurrences -- in 1.1% patients.

[Anaerobic paraproctitis]. / Anaérobnyi paraproktit.

Anaerobic paraproctitis (AP) was seen in 8.6% of 1057 cases with acute paraproctitis. Severe general condition of the patient, vast damage, fetid wound secretion, extensive detachment and necrosis of tissues were the main AP symptoms. Radical excision of affected tissues with daily revision and sanatation in combination with intensive general therapy permits to reduce mortality to 4.3%. In early postoperative period reversible insufficiency of anal sphincter developed in 16.1% AP patients. It is necessary to close wounds as early as possible. Perforated cutaneous pedicle flap from posterior wall of the scrotum may be successfully used for plastic repair of perineum wound.

[Variants in the formation and topography of the cervical cardiac nerves in man]. / Varianty formirovaniia i topografiia sheinykh serdechnykh nervov cheloveka.

Studies performed on complexes of organs of neck and mediastinum obtained from 50 human corpses have demonstrated that cardiac nerves of neck have multiple variants of formation and topography and constantly form connections with each other and with vagal nerves branches without reaching the heart in unchanged fashion.

[The topographic anatomy of the nerves supplying the human heart]. / Topograficheskaia anatomiia nervov, podkhodiashchikh k serdtsu cheloveka.

Investigations, performed in organ complexes of neck and mediastinum in 50 corpses of adults, demonstrated, that all cervical cardiac nerves and cardiac branches of vagal nerves are united into a single plexus, branches of which form the nerves, approaching the heart. Some of them are formed under the aortal arch and behind the brachiocephalic trunk. They are located on the ascending aorta and on the pulmonary trunk, approaching the coronary sulcus of the heart, participating in the innervation of all its regions. Other preorgan cardiac nerves are formed under the pulmonary arteries, approach the atria, ramifying in their walls and also participating in the forming the subepicardial plexuses, innervating diaphragmal surfaces of the heart ventricles.

[Morphofunctional bases of the choice of nerves for reinnervation of transplanted heart]. / Morfofunktsional'noe obosnovanie vybora nervov dlia reinnervatsii peresazhennogo serdtsa.

In two series of experiments on 61 dogs it was found that from all the nerves approaching the heart, the largest are on the ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk and pericardium transilicual tuck along which they cross the left pulmonary artery on the way to the dorsal surface of this organ. These nerves are able to provide the adequate heart activity under cardiovascular system loading. It is they that should be primarily used for transplanted heart reinnervation.

[Effects of cardiac denervation on its function in asphyxia]. / Vliianie denervatsii serdtsa na ego funktsiiu pri asfiksii.

It has been established in 23 experiments on dogs that during asphyxia the reactions of denervated heart which were directed toward compensation of hypoxia in the whole organism and towards preservation of myocardium from hypoxia damages were slower than that in the norm. All these processes led to the overloading of myocardium.

[Changes in hemodynamics during increase of functional loading of the cardiovascular system]. / Izmeneniia gemodinamiki pri povyshenii funktsional'noi nagruzki na serdechno-sosudistuiu sistemu.

It has been executed 26 experiments on dogs in order to investigate the changes of haemodynamics during narrowing of ascending aorta and brain ischaemia. It has been setted during investigation, that cardiovascular system possesses high compensatory abilities. This system fully restored the disorders in blood circulation during 3 minutes of occlusion of brachiocephalic trunk or during 5 minutes of narrowing. The restoration of normal blood circulation after 5 minutes leads to normalization of indicators of haemodynamics also in 5 minutes and does not lead to decompensation of cardiac function. The heart decreases the rate of contractions in order to support the high level of its force in such a conditions.

[Effect of formaldehyde on brain carbohydrate metabolism]. / Vliianie formal'degida na uglevodnyi obmen golovnogo mozga.

The use of formaldehyde makes it possible to decrease the speed of the energy metabolism in the brain without any significant pathological chemical changes in the functional state of the cardiovascular system. The given effect of formaldehyde may account for the attenuation of hypoxic and ischemic disturbances.

[Permeability of the blood-brain barrier to intra-arterial formaldehyde]. / O pronitsaemosti gematoéntsefalicheskogo bar'era dlia formal'degida pri ego vnutrisosudistom vvedenii.

Formaldehyde concentration was assessed in the brain, cerebrospinal liquor, arterial and venous blood of intact animals and following its intraarterial injections. It is concluded that formaldehyde is capable of penetrating through the blood-brain barrier, with the degree of permeability depending on blood formaldehyde concentration. The distribution of formaldehyde in the blood-brain-cerebrospinal liquor system suggests the presence of both protein-bound and unbound formaldehyde forms in the organism.

[A microsurgical model of cerebral ischemia]. / Mikrokhirurgicheskaia model' ishemii golovnogo mozga.

Microsurgery was performed on 102 rats of both sexes weighing from 150 to 250 g. Anesthesia was induced by injecting 1% hexenal into the abdominal cavity (1 ml/100 g bw). By median incision of the inferior third of the neck and upper third of the pectoris bone an extrapleural access to the mediastinum was actieved, where the common carotid and subclavian arteries were constricted distally to the branching out of the intrathoracic and proximally to the vertebral arteries. The EEG stopped being recorded at the 23 +/- 5th s, respiration stopped at the 4 +/- 0.3th min of cerebral ischemia. Blood pressure and heart rates, after a brief rise, gradually decreased with ischemia prolongation. Appearance of the EEG and respiration and the ECG and blood pressure after 10 min of cerebral ischemia took place within the first 20 min of the postischemic period. After cerebral ischemia lasting over 10 min all the animals died.