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Background: Analyzing the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of pediatric tuberculosis in endemic regions is crucial to meet the goal of ending tuberculosis. The objective was to assess the various clinical scenarios of tuberculosis in a large pediatric cohort in Mexico. Methods: This retrospective study from a pediatric referral center in Mexico included patients diagnosed with tuberculosis from 2012 to 2021. We analyzed clinical data and diagnostic study results, including demographic characteristics, underlying medical conditions, BCG vaccination, clinical presentation, imaging findings, microbiologic data, treatment, and clinical outcomes. Basic descriptive statistics and Chi-squared analysis were performed to summarize the metadata of pediatric patients with different clinical presentations of tuberculosis and evaluate their association with mortality, respectively. Results: A total of 100 patients were included with a mean age of 7.76 years ± 1.49 years. The most prevalent clinical presentation was pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 51). Only 51 patients were immunized with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine. The most commons symptoms were fever, cough and weight loss. Among patients with meningeal tuberculosis (n = 14), the most common clinical signs were seizures, fever, and vomiting. Cure was achieved in 52 patients, 12 patients died, and 36 continue in treatment. Clinical presentation of tuberculosis (p-value = 0.009) and immunodeficiency (p-value = 0.015) were significantly associated with mortality. Conclusions: Increasing the visibility of tuberculosis is imperative to end this disease. We report relevant clinical data of a large pediatric tuberculosis cohort, stratified by the different forms of disease. A high index of suspicion of tuberculosis is required for a timely diagnosis and treatment initiation, particularly among immunocompromised individuals, in whom mortality is higher.
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Background: The urinary tract infections are the third cause of infections in Mexico. The inappropriate use of antibiotic has generated the presence of multidrugresistant bacteria. Objective: To identify the bacterial resistance patterns of the hospital and to detect the present comorbidities that can modify the evolution of urinary tract infection for proper empirical management. Methods: Non-comparative cross-sectional study, positive urine cultures were reviewed in the period from December 2015 to May 2016, in outpatients of urology in the hospital. The obtained growth, bacterial resistance and the comorbidities of each patient were analyzed. Results: 190 urine cultures were included. The most frequent bacterium was Escherichia coli. Greater general antibiotic resistance was detected to ceftazidime (91.5%), quinolones (> 65%) and trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole (58%). The general multiresistance was 66.3%. The antibiotics that showed greater sensitivity were: amikacin, imipenem, nitrofurantoin, meropenem and piperacillin / tazobactam. The most frequent comorbidities were diabetes mellitus, previous use of antibiotics for urinary tract infection and prostatic hyperplasia. Conclusion: In patients with urinary tract infection in the hospital, the empirical use of nitrofurantoin and amikacin is recommended. Quinolones and trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole have a high resistance index.
Introducción: las infecciones de vías urinarias son la tercera causa de morbilidad por infecciones en México. El uso indiscriminado de antibióticos ha generado la aparición de bacterias multiresistentes. Objetivo: identificar los patrones de resistencia bacteriana del hospital y detectar las comorbilidades presentes que pueden alterar el curso de una infección urinaria, para el manejo empírico adecuado. Métodos: estudio transversal no comparativo, se revisaron los urocultivos positivos en el período diciembre de 2015 a mayo de 2016, en pacientes ambulatorios de urología del hospital. Se analizó crecimiento obtenido, resistencia bacteriana y las comorbilidades de cada paciente. Resultados: se incluyeron 190 urocultivos. La bacteria más frecuente fue Escherichia coli. Se detectó mayor resistencia antibiótica general a ceftazidima (91.5%), quinolonas (> 65%) y trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol (58%). La multirresistencia general fue de 66.3%. Los antibióticos que demostraron mayor sensibilidad fueron: amikacina, imipenem, nitrofurantoína, meropenem y piperacilina/tazobactam. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron diabetes mellitus, uso previo de antibióticos para infección de vías urinarias e hiperplasia prostática. Conclusiones: en los pacientes con infección de vías urinarias del hospital, se recomienda el uso empírico de nitrofurantoína y amikacina. Las quinolonas y el trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol tienen un alto índice de resistencia.
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BACKGROUND: Nosocomial sepsis (NS) in newborns (NBs) is associated with high mortality rates and low microbial recovery rates. To overcome the latter problem, new techniques in molecular biology are being used. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of SeptiFast test for the diagnosis of nosocomial sepsis in the newborn. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 86 blood specimens of NBs with suspected NS (NOSEP-1 Test > 8 points) were analyzed using Light Cycler SeptiFast (LC-SF) a real-time multiplex PCR instrument. The results were analyzed with the Roche SeptiFast Identification Software. Another blood sample was collected to carry out a blood culture (BC). RESULTS: Sensitivity (Sn) and specificity (Sp) of 0.69 and 0.65 respectively, compared with blood culture (BC) were obtained for LC-SF. Kappa index concordance between LC-SF and BC was 0.21. Thirteen (15.11%) samples were BC positive and 34 (31.39%) were positive with LC-SF tests. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with BC, LC-SF allows the detection of a greater number of pathogenic species in a small blood sample (1 mL) with a shorter response time.
