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1.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor ; 21(2): 106-111, mar.-abr. 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-122558

RESUMO

El dolor irruptivo (DIO) consiste en una exacerbación transitoria sobre un dolor de base persistente, por lo demás controlado. Se trata de un dolor moderado o intenso, que alcanza el pico de intensidad rápidamente y tiene una duración relativamente corta. Estas características hacen del fentanilo una buena opción de tratamiento por su alta lipofilia y capacidad de absorción rápida. Aquí cobra especial importancia la vía intranasal que, por su alta vascularización y permeabilidad, constituye una ruta especialmente rápida. Recientemente se ha desarrollado un espray nasal de fentanilo mezclado con una solución de pectina denominado PecFent®. El objetivo de este estudio es realizar una revisión de los estudios publicados sobre su uso para el tratamiento del DIO. Ensayos aleatorizados, controlados, a doble ciego han demostrado un inicio del alivio del dolor en tan sólo 5 minutos tras su administración, así como el alivio del dolor clínicamente significativo en 10 min. A pesar de ser el sulfato morfina de liberación inmediata el tratamiento estándar actual de los episodios de DIO, estudios comparativos han demostrado la superioridad del fentanilo intranasal para tratar este tipo de episodios porque logra un alivio del dolor clínicamente significativo y más rápido que otros fármacos. La administración por vía nasal del fentanilo ha demostrado ser bien tolerada. En el programa de ensayos clínicos se ha objetivado la presencia de efectos adversos típicos de los medicamentos opioides en esta población. Los más frecuentes fueron vómitos, náuseas, progresión de la enfermedad y estreñimiento, siendo la mayoría de leves a moderados en intensidad. La vía nasal no presentó daños por el uso continuado de fentanilo intranasal (AU)


Breakthrough oncological pain (BOP) consists of a transient exacerbation on a persistent otherwise basal controlled pain. It is a moderate or severe pain that reaches the peak of intensity quickly and has a relatively short duration. These features make fentanyl a good treatment option due its high lipophilicity and quick absorption. Here takes on special importance the intranasally route which, by its high vascularization and permeability, constitutes a particularly quick route. Recently, fentanyl mixed with a solution of pectin called PecFent® nasal spray has been developed. The objective of this study is to conduct a review of published studies on its use for the treatment of BOP. Randomized, controlled, double- blind trials have shown an onset of the pain relief in just 5 minutes after its administration, as well as in 10 min clinically meaningful pain relief. Despite being the current standard treatment of immediate release morphine sulfate, comparative studies have shown the superiority of intranasal fentanyl to treat this type of episodes. Intranasal fentanyl achieves a faster than other drugs and clinically meaningful pain relief. The administration by intranasal fentanyl has proven to be well tolerated. Clinical trials program is has found the presence of typical adverse effects of the drugs opioid in this population. The most common were vomiting, nausea, progression of the disease and constipation, the majority being mild to moderate in intensity. The nasal route did not damage by continued use of intranasal fentanyl (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Fentanila/administração & dosagem , Dor Intratável/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Intranasal , Manejo da Dor/métodos , Pectinas/uso terapêutico , Morfina/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias/complicações
2.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor ; 18(4): 207-218, jul.-ago. 2011. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-89967

RESUMO

Introducción: la literatura científica indica que dos de cada tres pacientes con dolor crónico sufren con cierta frecuencia exacerbaciones puntuales del mismo debido a diferentes causas, en ocasiones previsibles, y en otras inesperadas. Además del sufrimiento que conllevan, estos episodios constituyen un problema importante para el paciente pues generan ansiedad y añaden incapacidad funcional, lo cual se traduce en una mayor dificultad para controlar el dolor basal y una menor calidad de vida. En 1990 se acuñó en Estados Unidos el término “breakthrough pain”, para definir a las exacerbaciones transitorias de un dolor oncológico, que está bien controlado con la utilización de opioides mayores. En el año 2002, la Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica (SEOM), la Sociedad Española de Cuidados Paliativos (SECPAL) y la Sociedad Española del Dolor (SED), establecieron un documento de consenso en el que asumieron el término “dolor irruptivo”, para definir una exacerbación del dolor de forma súbita y transitoria, de gran intensidad (EVA > 7) y de corta duración (usualmente inferior a 20-30 minutos), que aparece sobre la base de un dolor persistente estable, cuando este se encuentra reducido a un nivel tolerable (EVA < 5) mediante el uso fundamental de opioides mayores...(AU)


Introduction: the scientific literature suggests that two in every three patients with chronic pain every so often suffer from transient exacerbations because of various causes, some of them predictable and some unexpected. In addition to the suffering they bring about, these episodes represent a relevant issue for patients as they trigger anxiety and add functional disability, which translates into greater difficulties in controlling baseline pain and lower quality of life. In 1990 the term “breakthrough pain” was coined in the United States to define transient cancer pain exacerbations under appropriate pain management with major opioids. In 2002, Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica (SEOM), Sociedad Española de Cuidados Paliativos (SECPAL), and Sociedad Española del Dolor (SED) defined a consensus document wherein the term “dolor irruptivo” (irruptive pain) was adopted to define sudden, transient (usually less than 20- 30 minutes), severe (VAS > 7) pain breakouts on the background of stable, persistent pain that remains tolerable (VAS < 5) under primarily major opioids. Overall, three etiologies are recognized for irruptive pain: incidental irruptive pain; idiopathic or spontaneous irruptive pain, and irruptive pain from end-of-dose medication failure. Objectives: the main goal of this work was to retrospectively study the effectiveness of sublingual fentanyl citrate in 180 patients treated for irruptive pain in Andalusian pain units during 1 month. Secondary goals included a description of the clinical indications and epidemiologic features of patients with irruptive pain under sublingual fentanyl citrate; understanding sublingual fentanyl citrate regimens for patients with irruptive pain; and a research of adverse events potentially associated with the use of sublingual fentanyl citrate in patients with irruptive pain. Material and methods: a retrospective, observational study of 180 patients, of whom 173 completed the study. Inclusion criteria (patients had to meet one of the following two) were: IP episodes with VAS > 5 during the last 12-24 hours and/or undesired side effects arising from the current therapy for irruptive pain. Within the primary goal an analysis of the results for each VAS follow-up, the number of irruptive pain events, and pain relief onset was performed. Similarly, an analysis was also performed to compare these variables in the cancer pain group versus the non-cancer pain group, and in the idiopathic pain group versus the incidental pain group. Regarding secondary goals, age, gender, patient profile (adverse effects and irruptive pain episodes), active substance for baseline pain management, percentage of patients taking an additional 100 mcg dose of sublingual fentanyl, fentanyl dose per episode, mean fentanyl dose a day, and adverse effects were also analyzed...(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fentanila/uso terapêutico , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , /métodos , Artralgia/tratamento farmacológico , Dor/epidemiologia , Analgesia/métodos , Dor/etiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Clínicas de Dor/organização & administração , Clínicas de Dor , 28599
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