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1.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci ; 26(5): 1513-1523, 2022 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35302196

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Here, Bronco T (BT), a polyherbal formulation developed in 1984 for treating asthma, has been repurposed against septicemia-induced ALI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lipopolysaccharides (3 mg/kg BW) were injected intraperitoneally before 24 hours of surgery to assess the cardiorespiratory parameters, blood PaO2/FiO2 and MPO, pulmonary water content and histological changes in the lungs. The pentoxifylline (PTX) (25 mg/kg BW) was used as the positive control and given one hour before LPS. BT was given 3 hours (orally at different doses of 3, 1.5 and 0.75 g/kg BW) before LPS. RESULTS: The LPS treated group showed significant bradypnea, hypotension and bradycardia, through elongated peaks (RR) and (MAP) respectively and finally death after 95 minutes of LPS injection. The PTX and BT (3 g/kg BW) pretreatment significantly prevented these changes (dose-dependent in the BT group). The survival in these groups was maintained up to 190 min after LPS. The Pentoxifylline showed a better response (75%) than Bronco T (72%). In both the treatments, a significant decrease in pulmonary water content and minimal neutrophil infiltration and intact alveoli-capillary membrane was seen in the transverse section (T.S) of the lungs. CONCLUSIONS: Significant improvement was noted in survival time with lesser tissue damage and improved pulmonary function was observed by pre-treating with Bronco T in LPS induced septicemia.


Assuntos
Lesão Pulmonar Aguda , Pentoxifilina , Sepse , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/patologia , Animais , Lipopolissacarídeos/efeitos adversos , Pulmão/patologia , Pentoxifilina/farmacologia , Ratos , Sepse/induzido quimicamente , Sepse/tratamento farmacológico , Sepse/patologia , Água
2.
Methods Mol Biol ; 2423: 115-122, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34978694

RESUMO

The conventional cancer treatment strategies from chemotherapy to surgery often lead to inadequate results which in some cases lead to relapsing of the tumor being treated. Medulloblastoma witness 30% relapse rate which is universally fatal among children. Although the treatment of primary medulloblastoma is well established including surgical excision, postsurgical irradiation, and, more recently, chemotherapy, there is no established treatment for its recurrence. Despite efforts to improve its therapy, frequent long-haul survivors have been recorded in the world's medical literature. In this book chapter, we have attempted to focus light on the nano preparation of phytoconstituents as an alternative approach as it has advantage of providing better bioavailability of the compound in terms of crossing the blood-brain barrier and an additional benefit in terms of limited adverse effects of the natural product over the traditional chemotherapeutic approaches. In recent times, biological methods or green approaches in the case of plants have received immense attention due to its safety and lack of contamination in the process. In this chapter, we will explore some plant products that have been incorporated into nanocarriers to improve their bioavailability in this tumor treatment.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Cerebelares , Meduloblastoma , Disponibilidade Biológica , Neoplasias Cerebelares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Cerebelares/patologia , Neoplasias Cerebelares/cirurgia , Criança , Humanos , Meduloblastoma/patologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia
3.
Methods Mol Biol ; 2423: 141-150, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34978696

RESUMO

The use of natural products has been increasing at a rapid pace, worldwide, with the aim to maintain a healthy lifestyle and to modify one's dietary habits. Ayurveda is a domain that has numerous wealth of information concerning medicinal plants and its part in controlling numerous ailments, such as neoplastic, cardiovascular, neurological plus immunological ailments. The use of such medicinal plants is important for preventing such diseases, especially "cancer" which is the succeeding foremost cause of mortality collectively. Even though abundant developments have been made in the management and control of cancer progression, substantial deficits and scope for advancement still continue to be unchanged. Several lethal adjacent consequences occur throughout the course of chemotherapy. Natural treatments, such as the use of plant-derived products in the treatment of cancer, might reduce the hostile side effects. Presently, a few plant-based products and its phytoconstituents are being utilized for the management of cancer. Here we have focused on numerous plant-derived phytochemicals and promising compounds from these plants to act as anticancer agents, along with their mechanisms of action.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias , Plantas Medicinais , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Compostos Fitoquímicos/uso terapêutico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Plantas Medicinais/química
4.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci ; 25(1 Suppl): 90-100, 2021 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34890039

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to show the effect that two naturally occurring compounds, a cyclodextrin and hydroxytyrosol, can have on the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into human cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The PubMed database was searched to retrieve studies published from 2000 to 2020, satisfying the inclusion criteria. The search keywords were: SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, lipid raft, endocytosis, hydroxytyrosol, cyclodextrin. Modeling of alpha-cyclodextrin and hydroxytyrosol were done using UCSF Chimera 1.14. RESULTS: The search results indicated that cyclodextrins can reduce the efficiency of viral endocytosis and that hydroxytyrosol has antiviral properties. Bioinformatic docking studies showed that alpha-cyclodextrin and hydroxytyrosol, alone or in combination, interact with the viral spike protein and its host cell receptor ACE2, thereby potentially influencing the endocytosis process. CONCLUSIONS: Hydroxytyrosol and alpha-cyclodextrin can be useful against the spread of SARS-CoV-2.


Assuntos
Álcool Feniletílico/análogos & derivados , SARS-CoV-2/fisiologia , Internalização do Vírus/efeitos dos fármacos , alfa-Ciclodextrinas/farmacologia , Enzima de Conversão de Angiotensina 2/química , Enzima de Conversão de Angiotensina 2/metabolismo , Sítios de Ligação , COVID-19/patologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/virologia , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Humanos , Microdomínios da Membrana/efeitos dos fármacos , Microdomínios da Membrana/metabolismo , Microdomínios da Membrana/virologia , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Álcool Feniletílico/química , Álcool Feniletílico/metabolismo , Álcool Feniletílico/farmacologia , Álcool Feniletílico/uso terapêutico , Ligação Proteica , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/química , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/metabolismo , alfa-Ciclodextrinas/química , alfa-Ciclodextrinas/metabolismo , alfa-Ciclodextrinas/uso terapêutico
5.
Int J Food Microbiol ; 115(2): 159-64, 2007 Apr 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17174000

RESUMO

Essential oil extracted from the leaves of Chenopodium ambrosioides Linn. (Chenopodiaceae) was tested against the aflatoxigenic strain of test fungus Aspergillus flavus Link. The oil completely inhibited the mycelial growth at 100 microg/ml. The oil exhibited broad fungitoxic spectrum against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotium rolfsii, Macrophomina phaseolina, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Helminthosporium oryzae and Pythium debaryanum at 100 microg/ml. The oil showed significant efficacy in inhibiting the aflatoxin B1 production by the aflatoxigenic strain of A. flavus. During in vivo investigation it protected stored wheat from different storage fungi for one year. Chenopodium oil also exhibited potent antioxidant activity when tested by ABTS method. All these observations suggest the possible exploitation of the Chenopodium oil as potential botanical fungitoxicant in ecofriendly control of post harvest biodeterioration of food commodities from storage fungi.


Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Chenopodium ambrosioides/química , Conservação de Alimentos/métodos , Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Aflatoxinas/biossíntese , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Aspergillus/efeitos dos fármacos , Aspergillus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Aspergillus flavus/efeitos dos fármacos , Aspergillus flavus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Contaminação de Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Fungos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fusarium/efeitos dos fármacos , Fusarium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Controle Biológico de Vetores , Folhas de Planta/química
6.
Phytother Res ; 19(8): 721-4, 2005 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16177978

RESUMO

Asparagus racemosus (AR) Willd (family Liliaceae) is commonly known as Shatavari. The alcoholic extract of its rhizome was administered orally to adult pregnant female albino rats at a dose of 30 mg/100 g body weight, daily for 15 days (days 1-15 of gestation). The macroscopic findings revealed a prominence of the mammary glands, a dilated vaginal opening and a transversely situated uterine horn in the treated group of animals. The weight of the uterine horns of the treated group was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.001) but the length was shorter (p > 0.01). Microscopic examination of the treated group showed proliferation in the lumen of the duct of mammary gland. It was obliterated due to hypertrophy of ductal and glandular cells. Hyperplasia of the glandular and muscular tissue and hypertrophy of the glandular cells were observed in the genital organs. The parenchyma of the genital organs showed abundant glycogen granules with dilated blood vessels and thickening of the epithelial lining. The oviduct in the treated group showed hypertrophied muscular wall, whereas the ovary revealed no effect of the drug. The results suggest an oestrogenic effect of Shatavari on the female mammary gland and genital organs.


Assuntos
Genitália Feminina/efeitos dos fármacos , Liliaceae/química , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Rizoma/química , Animais , Feminino , Genitália Feminina/fisiologia , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/fisiologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Gravidez , Ratos
7.
Phytother Res ; 18(11): 954-6, 2004 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15597317

RESUMO

In this study, the methanol extract of Momordica charantia fruit extract was administered to diabetic rats to assess the long term effect of the extract on the lipid profile and the oral glucose tolerance test. Treatment for 30 days showed a significant decrease in triglyceride, low density lipoprotein and a significant increase in high density lipoprotein level. A significant effect on oral glucose tolerance was also noted. Chronic administration showed an improvement in the oral glucose tolerance curve. The effect was more pronounced when the test was done in rats fed the extract on the day of the test compared with tests done in rats which were not fed the extract on the same day.


Assuntos
Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Momordica charantia , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Colesterol/sangue , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/prevenção & controle , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Frutas , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Hipoglicemiantes/administração & dosagem , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Lipoproteínas/sangue , Lipoproteínas/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Triglicerídeos/sangue
8.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 42(4): 432-6, 2004 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15088696

RESUMO

Traditionally S. anacardium is used for rejuvenation, rheumatoid arthritis, fever and neurological disorders. In the present study it was observed that a fraction of S. anacacrdium at dose of 1 mg/100 g body wt, significantly reduced serum cholesterol from 378.87 mg/dl in the rats fed with atherogenic diet (AD) to 197.99 mg/dl (45-52%) in the rats fed with AD diet and increased serum HDL-cholesterol (33-37%). The same fraction also inhibited LPS induced NO production in the culture activated rat peritoneal macrophages in the dose dependent manner with IC50 value at 50 ng/ml of the culture medium. The drug in the above doses was completely safe and non-toxic, (no change in the enzymes), to liver and kidney functions.


Assuntos
Hipolipemiantes/farmacologia , Lipopolissacarídeos/antagonistas & inibidores , Macrófagos Peritoneais/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxido Nítrico/biossíntese , Semecarpus/química , Animais , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Colesterol/sangue , HDL-Colesterol/metabolismo , Dieta Aterogênica , Rim/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Testes de Função Hepática , Macrófagos Peritoneais/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/antagonistas & inibidores , Nozes , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ratos
9.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 39(11): 1176-9, 2001 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11906116

RESUMO

Smilex china Linn. (Smilacaceae Syn Liliaceae) has special pharmacognostic feature as its root is multiseriate, with sclerenchymatic pericycle. The alcoholic extract of rhizome of S. china shows significant protection against FeSO4 induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenate, but has no effect on the rate of oxidation of reduced glutathione. This fraction scavenges the superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, but the effect was more towards the removal of superoxide than that of hydroxyl radicals. Thus it could be concluded that rhizome of S. china has strong antioxidant property.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Magnoliopsida/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Fitoterapia , Ratos
10.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 39(8): 798-801, 2001 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12018583

RESUMO

Alcoholic extract of pericarp showed significant protection against FeSO4 induced lipid peroxidation, as compared with whole native nut and seeds. Mechanism of action may be through metal chelation or activation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, because the extract did not show hydroxyl and super oxide anion scavenging property. Further in vitro experiments against FeSO4, it did not maintain the level of reduced glutathione.


Assuntos
Anacardiaceae/embriologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Sementes , Animais , Compostos Ferrosos/farmacologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos
11.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 38(5): 409-14, 2000 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11272402

RESUMO

In ayurvedic system of medicine, it is considered that a living system is made of panch-mahabuta, in the form of Vata, pitta and kapha at the physical level and satwa, raja and tama at the mental level. This covers the psychosomatic constitution and commonly known as the Tridosh theory. The imbalance in these body humours is the basic cause of any type of disease manifestation. Till date, several objective parameters have been proposed to monitor the level of these basic humours but none of them is complete. In this exercise, now it is proposed to consider free radical theory of diseases as one of the objective parameters. To be more specific, vata can be monitored in terms of membrane bound signal transduction, pitta as the process of phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation of different proteins (signalling moieties and enzymes) and kapha can be viewed as the degree of gene expression as protein synthesis. This can be correlated with the ojas of the body or total body defence mechanism.


Assuntos
Ayurveda , Doença de Alzheimer/etiologia , Arteriosclerose/etiologia , Radicais Livres/metabolismo , Humanos , Modelos Biológicos , Biologia Molecular
12.
Phytomedicine ; 7(6): 523-8, 2000 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11194182

RESUMO

In this paper, it has been investigated that strychnine, the major active principle in the alcoholic extract of the seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica, is responsible for its antilipid peroxidative property. The mechanism of action of this drug is through the chelation of the free iron in the system. It has also been observed that strychnine does not have any pro-oxidant-property, because it does not convert Fe3+ to Fe2+ and vice versa in the reaction system, as has been observed with several other antioxidants.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/química , Ferro/química , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Plantas Medicinais/química , Estricnina/química , Humanos , Quelantes de Ferro/química , Oxirredução , Extratos Vegetais/química
13.
Phytomedicine ; 6(1): 51-7, 1999 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10228612

RESUMO

The present publication investigates the antioxidant property and mechanistic aspect of alcoholic extract of R. cordifolia. The extract of R. cordifolia has shown significant inhibitory effect on FeSO4 induced lipid peroxidation. Study with iron redox status showed that R. cordifolia extract reduced or oxidixed; Fe3+ or Fe2+ respectively, in a dose dependent manner. Results with superoxide anion (O2-.) and hydroxyl radical (OH.), showed no radical scavenging activity. The alcoholic extract significantly maintains the reduced glutathione content both in time and dose dependent manner. It also reduced the rate of depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) level in presence of ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) and cumene hydroperoxide (CHP). On the basis of these observations, it can be concluded that the antioxidant property of R. cordifolia is due to a direct interaction with iron.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Ferro/metabolismo , Plantas Medicinais/química , Animais , Antioxidantes/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Compostos Férricos/metabolismo , Compostos Ferrosos/metabolismo , Radicais Livres/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Radical Hidroxila/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Oxirredução , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ratos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Superóxidos/metabolismo
14.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 37(6): 567-71, 1999 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10641189

RESUMO

The alcoholic extract of the shoot of H. perforatum shows strong antioxidant property. It possesses the iron chelation property with more affinity to the ferrous form. It has scavenging property for both superoxide and for hydroxyl radicals but the response is more towards the superoxide radicals. Thus in addition to the anti-depressant property it has strong antioxidant property also.


Assuntos
Hypericum/química , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Radicais Livres/metabolismo , Quelantes de Ferro/farmacologia , Ratos
15.
Indian J Biochem Biophys ; 35(5): 313-6, 1998 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10410466

RESUMO

The inhibition of FeSO4 induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver by alcoholic extract of Rubia cordifolia and by one of its constituent rubiadin (1, 3-dihydroxy-2-methyl anthraquinone) (pure form) has been compared. Both have been found to inhibit lipid peroxidation in a dose dependent manner. Whereas the former shows both oxidising and reducing properties with Fe2+ and Fe3+, the latter shows oxidising property only by converting Fe2+ to Fe3+. The former inhibits the oxidation of reduced glutathione while the latter does not.


Assuntos
Antraquinonas/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Rubiaceae , Animais , Etanol , Ratos
16.
Anc Sci Life ; 17(3): 158-68, 1998 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22556837

RESUMO

There has been considerable interest in free radicals and their control by extracts of medicinal herbs. This article reviews the advances made in this frontier area of research.

17.
Phytomedicine ; 5(5): 383-8, 1998 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23195988

RESUMO

The nuts of Semicarpus anacardium (Anacardiaceae) are one of the most favoured medicine in the Indian System of Medicine for the management of arthritis and several other free radical mediated diseases. It is also recommended for the management of the breast cancer. In this report we have investigated its role on the cell cycle and cell viability on the DU-145 cells (transformed prostate cells) by flow cytometric technique. It was observed that the plant extract significantly arrests the cell cycle at G-1 stage, and induced apoptosis. On higher concentrations, it affects the cell viability. The response was dose dependent.

18.
Indian J Biochem Biophys ; 34(3): 302-6, 1997 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9425750

RESUMO

Rubiadin, a dihydroxy anthraquinone, isolated from alcoholic extract of Rubia cordifolia, possesses potent antioxidant property. It prevents lipid peroxidation induced by FeSO4 and t-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP) in a dose dependent manner. The per cent inhibition was more in the case of Fe2+ induced lipid peroxidation. The antioxidant property of the preparation has been found to be better than that of EDTA, Tris, mannitol, Vitamin E and p-benzoquinone.


Assuntos
Antraquinonas/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Rubiaceae/química , Animais , Antraquinonas/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Glutationa/análise , Glutationa/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Plantas Medicinais/química , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/análise
19.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 34(11): 1150-1, 1996 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9102390

RESUMO

Antiperoxidative property of N. jatamanasi was tested by using iron induced lipid peroxidation in 5% rat liver homogenate. The degree of peroxidation was quantitated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) content. The extract provided protection against lipid peroxidation. The hexane fraction was more potent than the alcoholic extract. Results suggested antilipid peroxidative property of the plant.


Assuntos
Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Plantas Medicinais , Animais , Técnicas In Vitro , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Ayurveda , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ratos
20.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 34(6): 523-6, 1996 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8792640

RESUMO

Bacopa monniera, Linn. (Brahmi: Scrophulariaceae) an Ayurvedic medicine is clinically used for memory enhancing, epilepsy, insomnia and as mild sedative. For the first time the effect of alcohol and hexane fraction of Brahmi has been studied on FeSO4 and cumene hydroperoxide induced lipid peroxidation. Alcohol fraction showed greater protection with both inducers. Results were compared with known antioxidants tris, EDTA and a natural-antioxidant vitamin E. The effect of Brahmi was also examined on hepatic glutathione content. The mechanism of action could be through metal chelation at the initiation level and also as chain breaker. The results suggested that Brahmi is a potent antioxidant. The response of Brahmi was dose dependent. Tris, an hydroxyl trapper did not show any protection in comparison to Brahmi where as EDTA and vitamin E did protect against FeSO4. In experimental conditions 100 micrograms Brahmi extract (alcoholic) was equivalent to 247 micrograms of EDTA (0.66 microM) and 58 micrograms of vitamin E. Interestingly Brahmi only slightly protected the autooxidation and FeSO4 induced oxidation of reduced glutathione on lower doses 100 micrograms/ml and below, but on higher concentrations it enhanced the rate of oxidation.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Glutationa/metabolismo , Ayurveda , Radicais Livres , Cinética
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