[The DNA content in precancer, peripheral cancer and carcinoids of the lung (histospectrophotometric research)]. / Soderzhanie DNK pri predrake, perifericheskom rake i kartsinoidakh legkogo (gistospektrofotometricheskoe issledovanie).

Histospectrophotometric study of DNA content shows that, at the lung periphery, oval structures with atypia, adenomatosis with atypia, dysplasia and basal cell hyperplasia with bronchial epithelium atypia should be regarded as precancerous lesions. Carcinoma in situ and bronchoalveolar carcinoma are distinguished from the foci of epithelial dysplasia by an increase of DNA content and appearance of hetero- and aneuploidy. Aneuploidy is observed in 97% peripheral lung carcinoma and is combined with a heterogeneity of cells by their DNA content. Poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma are characterized by a marked heterogeneity which correlates with a degree of tumour morphological atypia. Bronchoalveolar carcinoma is a heterogeneous group of tumours with a different histogenesis and pronounced anaplasia which is expressed in a various degree of polyaneuploidy and heteroploidy. Small cell lung carcinoma, a special group of tumours, which, as distinct from other carcinoma types, is characterized by a low, sometimes diploid DNA content which does not correlate with its malignancy.

[Morphologic characteristics of secondary tubulointerstitial nephritis in humans and in rabbit experiments]. / Morfologicheskaia kharakteristika vtorichnogo tubulointerstitsial'nogo nefrita u cheloveka i v éksperimente u krolikov.

Tubulo-stromal relationships were studied in rabbit and human kidneys in secondary tubulo-interstitial nephritis (TIN) of immune genesis to establish the species differences in the course and manifestations of this disease. TIN of rabbits was studied on the model of serum disease (13 animals) and in humans on renal biopsies from patients with mesangioproliferative GN (22 cases). The correlation of relative volumes of tubule structural elements characteristic for each species undergoes changes when pathologic process develops; new correlations are similar in both humans and rabbits, although the time of involvement of tubular part of nephron into the pathologic process is different. Immunohistochemically and electron-microscopically a diffuse character of the damage is shown.

[The extracellular matrix of peripheral lung cancer in the scar and of pneumosclerosis of different origins (the immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy of the collagens)]. / Ekstratselliuliarnyi matriks perifericheskogo raka legkogo v rubtse i pnevmoskleroza razlichnogo proiskhozhdeniia (immunogistokhimiia i élektronnaia mikroskopiia kollagenov).

Collagen types and ultrastructural features of the stroma and scar extracellular matrix in the peripheral lung carcinoma, post-tuberculosis and post-pneumonia pneumosclerosis foci, fibrosing alveolitis interstitium were studied on the material of operational and transbronchial lung biopsies. It is established that by the collagen composition the scars in the peripheral carcinoma are identical to the pneumosclerosis foci and are distinguished from the carcinoma stroma by a higher concentration of type IV and V collagens (p less than 0.05). Accumulation of type III collagen in the lung carcinoma stroma reflects anaplasia of the tumour as the domination of type III collagen is characteristic of the embryonal tissue. The decrease of collagen type IV in the cancer stroma correlates with an increase of its malignancy. Pneumosclerosis in the fibrosing alveolitis is distinct from the focal forms of pneumosclerosis by a higher content of collagen I and a lower content of collagen V this being probably due to the character of sclerosis morphogenesis in this disease.

[The functional morphology of the thymus in systemic lupus erythematosus and its characteristics during immunodepressive and immunostimulating therapies]. / Funktsional'naia morfologiia timusa pri sistemnoi krasnoi volchanke, ee osobennosti pri immunodepressivnoi i immunostimuliruiushchei terapii.

Functional morphology of thymus is studied in 10 autopsy cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in patients of 8 to 30 years, treated with high doses of glucocorticosteroids (GCS) alone or in combination with tactivin or without immunomodulating therapy. Manifestations of SLE are interstitial thymitis and pronounced thymus parenchyma atrophy which is present regardless of therapy. In the absence of the therapy with high doses of GCS, increase of perivascular spaces of thymus lobules with the appearance in these spaces of lymphoid follicles results in the false increase of the thymus volume and weight simulating its hyperplasia. GCS therapy enhances parenchymal atrophy and decreases the size of perivascular spaces. The use of tactivin against this background results in some normalization of thymic structure enhancing the lymphocyte proliferative activity. Effect of tactivin is masked by a more powerful GCS therapy.

[The immunohistochemistry of cellular oncogenes in precancer and cancer of the lung]. / Immunogistokhimiia kletochnykh onkogenov pri predrake i rake legkogo.

Operative material obtained from patients with lung cancer and precancer, carcinoids, secondary tuberculosis, chronic nonspecific diseases and pulmonary lymphosarcoma was examined immunohistochemically. Expression of the oncogenes was higher in lung carcinoma than in the foci of lung epithelium regeneration, metaplasia and dysplasia. All the oncogenes in precancer and cancer may be divided into two groups by the degree of their expression: oncogenes the activation of which occurs in the same way at certain stages of tumour progression regardless of the lung carcinoma histogenesis and oncogenes expressed at certain stages depending upon the carcinoma histogenesis. The majority of oncogenes studied may be included into the second group (C-myc, ras, sis, src) and only one c-fos into the first group. The oncogenes expression may occur at the precancerous stage and precede the morphological changes in cells and tissues. The expression of some oncogenes (C-myc, sis) takes place not only in the tumour parenchyma but in the cancer stroma as well thus making the immunohistochemical method most reliable that permits one to study a true expression of oncogenes by cancer cells.

[Characteristics of tubulo-stromal relationships in the kidneys of normal rabbits and humans]. / Osobennosti tubulostromal'nykh vzaimootnoshenii v pochkakh normal'nykh krolikov i cheloveka.

Extraglomerular cortex and medulla structural elements of kidneys, obtained from 10 male normal rabbits and 10 human beings (8 male and 2 female), who died from accidents at the age of 16-40 years, were studied in comparison. Morphometric studies with statistical evaluation are presented in diagrams, showing the percentage correlation of structural elements of rabbit and human kidneys. It is shown that the difference in life conditions of the studied species may result in the difference of these correlations The obtained results must be taken in to account in the comparative study of pathologic processes in the human and rabbit kidneys.