[Genetic characterization of populations of the Volga-Ural region according to the variability of the Y-chromosome].

An analysis of genetic diversity in nine ethnic groups of the Volga-Ural region was carried out using 15 biallelic loci in the nonrecombining region of the Y-chromosome. The major Y-chromosome haplogroups in the region are R1a-M198, R1b-M269, and N-M231. It was found that Bashkirs show the greatest difference from other populations of the Volga-Ural region according both to F(st) and to the principal component analysis. In addition, analysis of the frequency distribution of Y-chromosome haplogroups was carried out in the Besermyan population, which was not studied previously from the Y-chromosome perspective. The results of this study revealed the predominance of haplogroup N-M231 (54.7%) in this ethnic group, which may indicate the prevalence of the Finno-Ugric component in the formation of the patrilineal component in the gene pool of the Besermyan ethnic group.

Effects of fullerenol C60(OH)24 on erythropoiesis in vitro.

The effects of fullerenol C60(OH)24 in doses of 0.1-100 µg/ml on erythropoiesis were studied in the culture of erythroblastic islets of the bone marrow. Fullerenol in concentrations of 10 and 100 µg/ml had negative effects on the development of erythroid tissue: it inhibits proliferation of erythroid cells, delays erythroblast maturation, decelerates recruitment of erythroid CFU to differentiation, and suppresses repeated involvement of macrophages in erythroblastic islets.

[The application of immunoglobulins for intravenous administration for the combined treatment of paratonsillar abscesses].

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the possibility of using immunoglobilins for intravenous administration (IVIG) to treat the patients presenting with paratonsillar abscesses (PTA). The comparative assessment of the clinical and immunological status of 77 patients with PTA depending on the type of therapy (traditional or combined with the use of IVIG) and the occurrence of tonsillitis in the medical history (the newly diagnosed disease, frequent tonsillitis, relapses of PTA). The level s of immunoglobulins (sIgA, IgA, IgG and its subclasses, IgM, and IgE) in mixed saliva samples were determined by the immunoenzyme assay and the albumin level by the bromcresol method with the counting of relative secretion coefficients (RSC). Palatine tonsil (PT) biopsies were used to determine the absolute content of lymphocytes (Lf) that were classified into differentiation clusters (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD25, CD71, CD95, HLA-DR). The patients presenting with paratonsillar abscesses were characterized by impaired immune responsiveness of palatine tonsils manifest as reduced production of IgG (at the expense of IgG2). This reduction was especially pronounced in the cases with the burdened medical history (recurring tonsillitis and relapses of PTA). In such patients, traditional therapy resulted in suppression of the cellular component of immunity and IgG production. The treatment with IVIG increased the production of IgG antibodies in the patients with newly diagnosed tonsillitis; moreover it stimulates production of IgG and activated the T-cell component. At the same time, the administration of IVIG reduced the duration of hospital stay from 9.29±0.31 to 7.06±25 days and the number of PTA relapses. It is concluded that the low IgG content in the saliva may be an indication for tonsillectomy.

[Fund for social development of regional health care coalitions in the conditions of collective bargaining]. / Fond sotsial'nogo razvitiia territorial'nogo meditsinskogo ob''edineniia v usloviiakh kollektivnogo podriada.

The introduction of economic incentives, the utilization of a fund for social development of institutions considerably increased the intensification of labour, improved health care indicators and the accessibility of health care for the population. The expedient form of work appeared to be collective bargaining which considerably expanded the rights of the leader and collective. ++ Interdepartmental cost-accountable relations with the future introduction of ++intra-structural cost-accountable relations is a prospective form of health services administration and management.

[Economic attitudes in the activities of therapeutic-prophylactic facilities under the conditions of new economic mechanisms]. / Ekonomicheskie otnosheniia v deiatel'nosti lechebno-profilakticheskikh uchrezhdenii v usloviiakh novogo khoziaistvennogo mekhanizma.

For two years an experiment on restructuring of health services system is being conducted in Leningrad. The economic mechanisms are being introduced into the health services system which allow health authorities, using internal resources, to considerably improve the delivery of medical care for the population. The introduction of economic incentives into the system of payment for labour, the use of some economic mechanisms into the co-operation between medical institutions led to considerable intensification of labour, improved the discipline and performance indices of medical institutions. The most expedient form of work proved to be collective contract which allowed to considerably broaden the rights of doctors and staff. Institutions working on the basis of collective contract achieved much better results. Unnecessary hospitalization of patients has decreased and planned hospitalization increased, intensification of labour is going on which permits to significantly increase wages. Intra-sectorial cost accounting relationships is a progressive form of public health organization and management.

[The use of holoxan (iphosphamide) in malignant tumors]. / Primenenie goloksana (ifosfamida) pri zlokachestvennykh opukholiakh.

A clinical trial of holoxan in combination with a urological protector--uromitexan--was carried out. Response was observed in 26.3% of patients with lung cancer. The drug was effective in cases of soft tissue sarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma.

[Reserves and problems of intensifying the work of professors and teachers at a medical institute]. / O rezervakh i problemakh intensifikatsii truda professorsko- prepodavate'lskogo sostava meditsinskogo instituta.

Adequate organization of labour process and maximum efficacy of time outlays on the performance of basic functions of the work collective as a whole and its members individually are necessary for the intensification of labour activity of teachers of medical institutes. Actual time outlays of the teachers and professors on their main activity were studied through self motion-time study of daily labour process. Four hundred and thirty four 434 persons were covered by the study, during which 3570 charts were treated. The data analysis revealed that during the studied period, time outlays of the teachers and professors exceeded standards by 1.4; 62.8% of the standard 6-hour working day was spent on educational and training activities, 18.9%, on curative work; 17.2%, on scientific activity and 1.1%, on public activities. The study enabled one to determine dependence of working hours on chair's specialization, the post occupied and teacher's personal characteristics. The urgency of introducing differentiated payment of teachers according to their contribution to the educational, curative and scientific process was emphasized.

[Hospital aid to patients with bronchial asthma in big cities]. / Statsionarnaia pomoshch' bol'nym bronkhial'noi astmoi v usloviiakh krupnogo goroda.

This paper provides the results of the analysis of 3013 hospital admissions for bronchial asthma. The hospitalized incidence of bronchial asthma under conditions of big industrial cities is 5.5 per 10,000 adult population. Among measures of primary and secondary prevention of bronchial asthma in adult population-residents of big cities, priority should be given to the adequate treatment of pre-asthmatic conditions. The number of beds utilized for hospitalization of patients with bronchial asthma is 0.6 per 10,000 adult population per year.