First isolation and whole-genome sequencing of Trueperella abortisuis from a goat in Canada.

Objective: The present study reports the first isolation and whole-genome sequencing of a Trueperella abortisuis bacterium from a goat. Animals and sample: The T. abortisuis was isolated from the uterus of a goat following an abortion. Procedure: The T. abortisuis was identified by pure culture phenotype and MALDI-TOF analysis and further characterized by whole-genome sequencing. Results: This isolate was reliably identified as T. abortisuis and showed similar properties to type strain T. abortisuis DSM 19515T, which was recovered from a sow following an abortion. The assembled genome of this isolate was 2 564 866 bp long with a GC content of 63.9%. A total of 30 virulence-related genes were determined, suggesting the pathogenic potential of this organism. Conclusion and clinical relevance: This study details the first isolation of T. abortisuis from goats. The genotypic findings of this isolate will serve as a baseline description for any similar future studies.

Premier isolement et séquençage du génome entier de Trueperella abortisuis provenant d'une chèvre au Canada. Objectif: La présente étude rapporte le premier isolement et séquençage du génome entier d'un isolat de Trueperella abortisuis provenant d'une chèvre. Animaux et échantillon: Le T. abortisuis a été isolé de l'utérus d'une chèvre à la suite d'un avortement. Procédure: Le T. abortisuis a été identifié par un phénotype de culture pure et analyse par MALDI-TOF, puis caractérisé par séquençage du génome entier. Résultats: Cet isolat a été identifié de manière fiable comme étant T. abortisuis et a montré des propriétés similaires à la souche type T. abortisuis DSM 19515T, qui a été récupérée chez une truie après un avortement. Le génome assemblé de cet isolat mesurait 2 564 866 pb avec une teneur en GC de 63,9 %. Au total, 30 gènes liés à la virulence ont été déterminés, suggérant le potentiel pathogène de cet organisme. Conclusion et pertinence clinique: Cette étude détaille le premier isolement de T. abortisuis chez la chèvre. Les résultats génotypiques de cet isolat serviront de description de base pour toute étude future similaire.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

Complete circular assembly of Histophilus somni PDS1537697-81-1 genome and phenotypic characterization of its antibiotic susceptibility.

A Histophilus somni isolate from a clinically healthy, fall-placed calf was obtained upon arrival to a commercial feedlot. Fall-placed calves are commonly viewed to be at high risk for the development of bovine respiratory disease. The isolate was phenotyped for antimicrobial susceptibility and sequenced to obtain a complete, circular, genome assembly.

Antimicrobial resistance in bovine respiratory disease: Auction market- and ranch-raised calves.

This study compared changes in prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni in feedlot calves derived from the auction market (AUCT; n = 299) and from a single-ranch source (RANCH; n = 300). In the AUCT calves, the prevalence of Mannheimia haemolytica decreased, whereas Histophilus somni increased over the feeding period. The AUCT calves showed an increase in isolates not susceptible to tulathromycin for all bovine respiratory disease (BRD) pathogens, an increase in Pasteurella multocida and Histophilus somni isolates not susceptible to oxytetracycline, and an increase in Pasteurella multocida isolates not susceptible to florfenicol. In the RANCH calves, the prevalence of all 3 BRD pathogens was high at feedlot entry and decreased significantly during the study period. In RANCH calves, there was a significant increase in Pasteurella multocida isolates not susceptible to oxytetracycline, tulathromycin, and florfenicol. Surprisingly, there was a significant decrease in Mannheimia haemolytica isolates that were not susceptible to oxytetracycline, tilmicosin, and tulathromycin.

Résistance aux antimicrobiens lors de maladies respiratoires bovines : veaux provenant de marché aux enchères et ceux élevés en ranch. Cette étude a comparé les changements dans la prévalence et la sensibilité aux antimicrobiens de Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida et Histophilus somni isolés de veaux en parc d'engraissement provenant du marché aux enchères (AUCT; n = 299) et d'un seul ranch (RANCH; n = 300). Chez les veaux AUCT, la prévalence de M. haemolytica a diminué, tandis que celle d'H. somni a augmenté au cours de la période d'alimentation. Les veaux AUCT ont montré une augmentation des isolats non sensibles à la tulathromycine pour tous les agents pathogènes des maladies respiratoires bovines (BRD), une augmentation des isolats de P. multocida et H. somni non sensibles à l'oxytétracycline, et une augmentation des isolats de P. multocida non sensibles au florfénicol. Chez les veaux du RANCH, la prévalence des 3 agents pathogènes BRD était élevée à l'entrée du parc d'engraissement et a diminué de manière significative au cours de la période d'étude. Chez les veaux RANCH, il y a eu une augmentation significative des isolats de P. multocida non sensibles à l'oxytétracycline, à la tulathromycine et au florfénicol. Étonnamment, il y a eu une diminution significative des isolats de M. haemolytica qui n'étaient pas sensibles à l'oxytétracycline, à la tilmicosine et à la tulathromycine.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

Prevalence and diversity of Campylobacter species in Saskatchewan retail ground beef.

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. DNA by PCR in retail ground beef sold in Saskatchewan, Canada, and to identify the presence of individual Campylobacter species (C. coli, C. curvus, C. fetus, C. hyointestinalis, C. jejuni, C. rectus, and C. upsaliensis) using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Secondary objectives were to assess potential differences in the prevalence of Campylobacter between ground beef offered for sale during cold and warm seasons as well as that offered for sale fresh and frozen, to investigate any association between the presence of Campylobacter spp. DNA and E. coli and/or aerobic bacterial counts, and finally to compare the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. DNA in ground beef originating from different production and retail environments. Out of the 309 total samples included in the study, 50 (16.2%) samples tested positive for Campylobacter spp. DNA, while 49 (15.9%) samples were determined positive for up to five individual species. Collectively, these assays determined that 14 (4.5%) samples were positive for C. coli, 11 (3.6%) for C. curvus, 6 (1.9%) for C. fetus, 24 (7.8%) for C. hyointestinalis, 12 (3.9%) for C. jejuni, 6 (1.9%) for C. rectus, and 9 (2.9%) for C. upsaliensis. There were 27 (8.7%) samples that were positive at the genus level that did not test positive for any of the seven Campylobacter species investigated (suggesting an alternate Campylobacter species). Also, 26 (8.4%) samples generated positive results by one of the species-specific qPCR assays, but returned no product in the conventional genus-level assay (suggesting a higher sensitivity for the species-specific qPCR assays). There was no significant association between the presence of Campylobacter spp. in Saskatchewan retail ground beef and any of the investigated risk factors.

Comparison of baseline bacterial levels in retail ground beef originating from different regulatory, processing, and packaging environments.

The objectives of this study were to collect baseline measures of bacteria present in retail ground beef offered for sale in Saskatchewan and to assess differences associated with the licensing or regulatory environment of the packaging and processing facilities as indicated by package labeling. Packages of ground beef (n = 309) were purchased from May 2011 to May 2012. Retail samples were categorized as originating from facilities regulated by the federal government or licensed by the provincial government (n = 126), originating from facilities licensed by local health regions (n = 80), or having no inspection or source information on the package label (n = 103). Total aerobic plate counts and total Escherichia coli plate counts were determined using 3M Petrifilm methods. Total bacterial load was estimated using real-time quantitative PCR. The data were analyzed on a log scale using multivariable linear regression, accounting for season and whether the samples were fresh or frozen at purchase. Total aerobic plate counts and Escherichia coli plate counts were lower in samples from federally regulated or provincially licensed facilities than in samples from locally licensed facilities (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively) or in samples with no inspection information on the label (P < 0.001 and P = 0.011, respectively). Frozen ground beef from federally regulated or provincially licensed facilities had the lowest total bacterial load. Samples clearly labeled as packaged at federally regulated or provincially licensed facilities consistently had the lowest estimated bacterial levels.