Association of LEP-rs7799039 and ADIPOQ-rs2241766 polymorphisms with sleep duration in preschool age children.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association of leptin rs7799039 and adiponectin rs2241766 gene polymorphisms on daily sleep duration in 4-5-year-old children. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Predictors of Maternal and Infant Excess Body Weight - PREDI Study, a cohort study conducted in Joinville - Brazil. The current study is a cross-sectional study, which was carried out in the homes of the participants between July 2016 and August 2017. Total sleep time was self-reported by the mothers. The average total sleep time was classified according to the recommendation of the National Sleep Foundation for children aged 3-5 years: ≥10 or <10 h of sleep/day. Genotyping analysis was performed in blood samples by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique. RESULTS: Of the 216 children included in the study, 167 (77.3%) and 49 (22.7%) had ≥10 and <10 h of sleep/day, respectively. There was a significant decrease in the average total sleep time as the number of risk alleles of the two polymorphisms increased (LEP: GG = 11 h18, GA = 10 h42, AA = 10 h15; ADIPOQ: TT = 11 h00, TG + GG = 10 h28). Interaction analysis showed a progressive increase in the odds of children sleeping <10 h/day at preschool age with an increasing number of risk alleles of the LEP and ADIPOQ polymorphisms (OR = 7.44, 95%CI, 2.45-22.55). CONCLUSIONS: We found a progressive increase in the odds of 4-5 year old children sleeping less than 10 h/day as the number of risk alleles of the LEP-rs7799039 and ADIPOQ-rs2241766 polymorphisms increased, even after adjustment for other maternal and child characteristics.

Association of Maternal Depression and Anxiety Symptoms with Sleep Duration in Children at Preschool Age.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of maternal depression and anxiety symptoms on daily sleep duration in 4-5-year-old children. METHODS: Data were obtained from the PREDI Study, a larger cohort study conducted in Brazil. The current study is a cross-sectional study carried out in the homes of the participants between July 2016 and August 2017. The participants were submitted to anthropometric assessment and demographic, socioeconomic and psychological data were obtained. Total sleep time was self-reported by the women and classified as ≥ 10 or < 10 h of sleep/day. Maternal depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory, respectively. RESULTS: Of the 216 children included in the study, 77.3% and 22.7% had ≥ 10 and < 10 h of sleep/day, respectively. Regarding the women, 20.0% and 19.5% had moderate/severe depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Moderate/severe symptoms of maternal depression were associated with < 10 h of sleep/day (p = 0.034). Unadjusted analysis showed that children whose mothers had moderate/severe depression symptoms were significantly more likely to sleep < 10 h/day at 4-5 years of age than those whose mothers had minimal/mild depression symptoms (OR 2.38, p = 0.037). This association continued to be significant and increased to an OR of 3.99 (p = 0.006) after adjusting for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE: Our study showed that sleeping less than 10 h/day at preschool age was associated with moderate/severe maternal depression symptoms. These results are important from a public health perspective since strategies designed to treat depression in women with school-age children may help improve their child's sleep quality and, consequently, his cognitive performance and related behavioral and emotional problems in the future.