Trastorno de la imagen corporal: Un estudio con preadolescentes y reflexiones desde la perspectiva de género / Body image disorder: A study with preadolescents and reflections from the gender perspective

Se exploraron las diferencias en función del género y edad a través de cuatro instrumentos que valoran la Autoestima Corporal (BES), Autoestima General (LAWSEQ), Actitudes hacia la Alimentación (ChE-AT) e Imagen Corporal (BIA). La muestra estuvo formada por 600 niñas/os mexicanos de 9 a 12 años. Encontramos que los estereotipos de delgadez extrema siguen impactando más en las niñas que en los varones, y a los de más edad. La comparación por género mostró en las niñas una menor autoestima general y corporal que en los niños; igualmente, la imagen ideal (cómo quieren ser) y futura (cómo creen que serán) de las niñas fue más delgada. No observamos diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones del ChEAT. Respecto a la edad, la autoestima corporal fue mayor en los más pequeños, pero disminuyó conforme avanzó su edad. En la imagen real (cómo se perciben), los más grandes se evaluaron con figuras más gruesas. Los varones mayores prefirieron a futuro físicos más desarrollados que los pequeños. Las niñas mayores se percibieron y pensaron que los demás también las veían (imagen social) más gruesas de lo que eran; asimismo mostraron una menor autoestima corporal que las pequeñas. Los hallazgos se discutieron reflexivamente desde la perspectiva de género (AU)

Differences were explored by gender and age through four instruments that assess Body Self-Esteem (BES), General Self-Esteem (LAWSEQ), Eating Attitudes (CHEAT) and Body Image (BIA). The sample consisted of 600 mexicans girls and boys from 9 to 12 years. We found that stereotypes about extreme thinness continue to impact more in girls than in boys, and to the older ones. The gender comparison showed girls with a lower general and body self-esteem than boys; the ideal image (how they want to be) and future image (how they think they will be) of girls was thinner. No significant differences in scores on the Cheat were observed. Regarding to age, body self-esteem was higher in younger ones, but decreased while they were growing. In the real image (how they see themselves) the older ones perceived themselves with thicker figures. The older boys preferred in the future more developed physiques than the young ones. The older girls perceived themselves and thought that others saw them (social image) thicker than they actually were, they also showed lower body self-esteem than the younger ones. The findings were discussed reflexively under a gender perspective (AU)

Varones víctimas de violencia doméstica: un estudio exploratorio acerca de su percepción y aceptación / Men victims of domestic violence: an exploratory study about perception and acceptance

Un hecho novedoso en el fenómeno de la violencia doméstica es el incremento de denuncias de varones en contra de sus mujeres, pero existe muy poca investigación al respecto. Nuestro objetivo fue identificar en cien varones heterosexuales, qué actitudes y comportamientos percibían como violentos en su pareja, así como la frecuencia y modalidades con que se presentaban. Cincuenta de ellos mantenían una relación de noviazgo y cincuenta eran casados. Respondieron al inventario VIDOFyP en la ciudad de México. La violencia estuvo presente en ambas muestras con niveles bajos, pero hubo una mayor incidencia y una mayor percepción en los casados. Las modalidades con mayor frecuencia y mejor percibidas por ambos grupos incluyeron la psicológica, social y sexual. Percepción y frecuencia correlacionaron positivamente, sugiriendo que la sola discriminación de actitudes y comportamientos violentos no es suficiente para evitarlos.

A novel fact in the phenomenon of the domestic violence is the men who begin to denounce they are victims of their women, but at the moment exists very little investigation. Our objective was to identify in 100 heterosexual men what attitudes and behaviors perceived like violent in their pair as well as the frequency and modalities whereupon appeared: 50 of them with a relation of engagement and 50 married. VIDOFyP inventory was applied in Mexico's City. Low violence levels were found on both samples, but there was a greater incidence and a greater perception in married men. The modalities with a greater incidence and better perceived by both groups were psychological, social and sexual. A positive correlation between perception and frequency was observed, suggesting that the discrimination of attitudes and violent behaviors is not enough so that they are able to be avoided.

[Factors associated with eating behavior in pre-adolescents]. / Factores asociados a la conducta alimentaria en preadolescentes.

The goals of this study are the preliminary Spanish adaptation and validation of the following questionnaires: the Children's Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT), the Lawrence Self-Esteem Questionnaire (LAWSEQ) and the Body Esteem Scale (BES). In addition, we studied bodily self-esteem in pre-adolescent children, and their possible relation to certain eating attitudes and general self-esteem. This study is cross-sectional, analytical and observational. The sample was made up of 457 participants, 55.14% boys and 44.86% girls aged between 8 and 12 (M = 10.14, SD = 1.30). A multivariate analysis of variance (Age x Sex) was carried out with the total scores of LAWSEQ, ChEAT, BES, BIA and BMI. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was .76, .80, and .67 for ChEAT, BES, and LAWSEQ, respectively. The boys presented significantly higher total scores in the ChEAT than the girls. Of the sample, 10.4% (n = 45) scored over the cut-off point of the ChEAT: These subjects presented lower general and bodily self-esteem, a slimmer ideal image and a greater discrepancy between their real self and their social self.