Broadening of the Divertor Heat Flux Profile in High Confinement Tokamak Fusion Plasmas with Edge Pedestals Limited by Turbulence in DIII-D.

Multimachine empirical scaling predicts an extremely narrow heat exhaust layer in future high magnetic field tokamaks, producing high power densities that require mitigation. In the experiments presented, the width of this exhaust layer is nearly doubled using actuators to increase turbulent transport in the plasma edge. This is achieved in low collisionality, high confinement edge pedestals with their gradients limited by turbulent transport instead of large-scale, coherent instabilities. The exhaust heat flux profile width and divertor leg diffusive spreading both double as a high frequency band of turbulent fluctuations propagating in the electron diamagnetic direction doubles in amplitude. The results are quantitatively reproduced in electromagnetic XGC particle-in-cell simulations which show the heat flux carried by electrons emerges to broaden the heat flux profile, directly supported by Langmuir probe measurements.

Viral reprogramming of host transcription initiation.

Viruses are master remodelers of the host cell environment in support of infection and virus production. For example, viruses typically regulate cell gene expression through modulating canonical cell promoter activity. Here, we show that Epstein Barr virus (EBV) replication causes 'de novo' transcription initiation at 29674 new transcription start sites throughout the cell genome. De novo transcription initiation is facilitated in part by the unique properties of the viral pre-initiation complex (vPIC) that binds a TATT[T/A]AA, TATA box-like sequence and activates transcription with minimal support by additional transcription factors. Other de novo promoters are driven by the viral transcription factors, Zta and Rta and are influenced by directional proximity to existing canonical cell promoters, a configuration that fosters transcription through existing promoters and transcriptional interference. These studies reveal a new way that viruses interact with the host transcriptome to inhibit host gene expression and they shed light on primal features driving eukaryotic promoter function.

Calibration improvements expand filterscope diagnostic use.

The filterscope diagnostic on DIII-D utilizes photomultiplier tubes to measure visible light emission from the plasma. The system has undergone a substantial upgrade since previous attempts to cross-calibrate the filterscope with other spectroscopic diagnostics were unsuccessful. The optics now utilize a dichroic mirror to initially split the light at nearly 99% transmission or reflectance for light below or above 550 nm. This allows the system to measure Dα emission without degrading visible light emission from the plasma for wavelengths below 550 nm (to measure Dß, Dγ, W-I, C-III, etc.). Additional optimization of the optical components and calibration techniques reduce the error in the signal up to 10% in some channels compared to previous methods. Cross-calibration measurements with two other high resolution spectroscopic diagnostics now show excellent agreement for the first time. This expands the capabilities of the filterscope system allowing measurement of divertor detachment, emission profiles, edge-localized mode behavior, and plasma-wall interactions. It also enables direct comparisons against calculations from boundary plasma simulations. These were not possible before.

Virtual hospital-level care-feasibility, acceptability, safety and impact of a pilot Hospital-In-The-Home model for COVID-19 infection.

Background: Hospital-in-the-Home (HITH) delivers hospital level care to patients in the comfort of their own home. Traditionally HITH involves clinicians travelling to patients' homes. We designed and implemented a virtual model of care leveraging a combination of virtual health modalities for children with COVID-19 in response to rising patient numbers, infection risk and pressures on protective equipment. In contrast to other models for COVID-19 infection in Australia at the time, our HITH service catered only for children who were unwell enough to meet criteria for hospitalisation (ie bed-replacement). Aims: To measure the feasibility, acceptability, safety and impact of a virtual model of care for managing children with COVID-19 infection requiring hospital-level care. Methods: Retrospective study of a new virtual model of care for all children admitted to the Royal Children's HITH service with COVID-19 infection between 7th October 2021 and 28th April 2022. The model consisted of at least daily video consultations, remote oximetry, symptom tracking, portal messaging and 24 h phone and video support. Patients were eligible if they met a certain level of severity (work of breathing, dehydration, lower oxygen saturations) without requiring intravenous fluids, oxygen support or intensive care. Online surveys were distributed to staff and consumers who experienced the model of care. Results: 331 patients were managed through the virtual HITH program with a mean length of stay of 3.5 days. Of these, 331 (100%) engaged in video consultations, 192 (58%) engaged in the patient portal and completed the symptom tracker a total of 634 times and communicated via a total of 783 messages. Consumer satisfaction (n = 31) was high (4.7/5) with the most useful aspect of the model rated as video consultation. Clinician satisfaction (n = 9) was also high with a net promoter score of 8.9. There were no adverse events at home. Eight children (2.4%) represented to hospital, 7 (2.1%) of whom were readmitted. The impact is represented by a total of 1,312 hospital bed-days saved in the seven-month period (2,249 bed-days per year). In addition, 1,480 home visits (travel time/ protective equipment/ infection risk) were avoided. Conclusion: A virtual HITH program for COVID-19 in children is feasible, acceptable and safe and has a substantial impact on bed-days saved and nursing travel time. The implications for management of other acute respiratory viral illnesses that contribute to hospital bed pressure during winter months is immense. Virtual HITH is likely to be a key enabler of a sustainable healthcare system.

Androgen receptor variant-7 regulation by tenascin-c induced src activation.

BACKGROUND: Bone metastatic prostate cancer does not completely respond to androgen-targeted therapy and generally evolves into lethal castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Expression of AR-V7- a constitutively active, ligand independent splice variant of AR is one of the critical resistant mechanisms regulating metastatic CRPC. TNC is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, crucial for prostate cancer progression, and associated with prostate cancer bone metastases. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms that regulate AR-V7 expression in prostate cancer cells interacting with osteogenic microenvironment including TNC. METHODS: Prostate cancer/preosteoblast heterotypical organoids were evaluated via immunofluorescence imaging and gene expression analysis using RT-qPCR to assess cellular compartmentalization, TNC localization, and to investigate regulation of AR-V7 in prostate cancer cells by preosteoblasts and hormone or antiandrogen action. Prostate cancer cells cultured on TNC were assessed using RT-qPCR, Western blotting, cycloheximide chase assay, and immunofluorescence imaging to evaluate (1) regulation of AR-V7, and (2) signaling pathways activated by TNC. Identified signaling pathway induced by TNC was targeted using siRNA and a small molecular inhibitor to investigate the role of TNC-induced signaling activation in regulation of AR-V7. Both AR-V7- and TNC-induced signaling effectors were targeted using siRNA, and TNC expression assessed to evaluate potential feedback regulation. RESULTS: Utilizing heterotypical organoids, we show that TNC is an integral component of prostate cancer interaction with preosteoblasts. Interaction with preosteoblasts upregulated both TNC and AR-V7 expression in prostate cancer cells which was suppressed by testosterone but elevated by antiandrogen enzalutamide. Interestingly, the results demonstrate that TNC-induced Src activation regulated AR-V7 expression, post-translational stability, and nuclear localization in prostate cancer cells. Treatment with TNC neutralizing antibody, Src knockdown, and inhibition of Src kinase activity repressed AR-V7 transcript and protein. Reciprocally, both activated Src and AR-V7 were observed to upregulate autocrine TNC gene expression in prostate cancer cells. CONCLUSION: Overall, the findings reveal that prostate cancer cell interactions with the cellular and ECM components in the osteogenic microenvironment plays critical role in regulating AR-V7 associated with metastatic CRPC. Video Abstract.

Ion temperature and rotation fluctuation measurements with ultra-fast charge exchange recombination spectroscopy (UF-CHERS) in the DIII-D tokamak.

An upgraded detector and several optimizations have significantly improved the Ultra-Fast Charge Exchange Recombination Spectroscopy (UF-CHERS) diagnostic sensitivity to ion temperature and parallel velocity fluctuations at turbulence relevant spatio-temporal scales. Normalized broadband ion temperature and parallel velocity fluctuations down to x̃x∼1% (x = Ti, v∥) and up to ∼450 kHz have been measured in a variety of plasmas. The multi-field nature of the CHERS technique also allows measurements of the cross-phase angles of the fluctuating fields. UF-CHERS is optimized to observe emissions from the electron exchange reaction between intrinsic C6+ and hydrogenic neutral beam injected particles near 529 nm. UF-CHERS consists of two chords separated by ∼1 cm radially, less than the turbulence correlation length in DIII-D plasmas, which enables correlated measurements to suppress incoherent electronic and photon noise. The optical components of the spectrometer include a volume-phase-holographic grating with >90% transmission between 528 and 530 nm and f/2 200-mm lenses, selected to maximize the optical efficiency and photon flux. Diffracted light from each chord is collected in eight spectral bins, each with a bandwidth of ∼0.25 nm, and detected and amplified by chilled avalanche photodiodes and custom high-gain, wide bandwidth low-noise preamplifiers to achieve the optimal signal-to-noise ratio. The resulting signals are digitized at 1 MHz, 103-104× faster than the conventional CHERS diagnostics. Spatial coverage is achieved by repositioning a motorized fiber tray between plasmas. UF-CHERS measurements will advance the understanding of turbulent ion transport and contribute to the validation of transport models and simulations.

Assessment of the mechanical errors of a prototype of an optical multilateration system.

We are developing a multilateration system at a reasonable cost that aims at an accuracy better than 50 µm determined with a consistent metrological approach. In this context, an absolute distance meter, developed in-house, is used as a unique telemetric system to feed the different measurement heads of the multilateration system through a network of optical fibers. The uncertainty contribution for a distance measurement of the telemetric system itself, in a controlled environment, is from 2 µm up to 100 m (k = 1). In this paper, the uncertainty contribution due to mechanical designs of the measurement heads and the target is estimated: the gimbal mechanisms we have designed are presented and their sources of error are identified, experimentally quantified, and minimized. At the end, we demonstrate that the current design of the measurement head does not induce errors higher than 2 µm on the measured distances and the design of the target does not induce errors higher than 9 µm.

High efficiency Mg2(Si,Sn)-based thermoelectric materials: scale-up synthesis, functional homogeneity, and thermal stability.

Considering the need for large quantities of high efficiency thermoelectric materials for industrial applications, a scalable synthesis method for high performance magnesium silicide based materials is proposed. The synthesis procedure consists of a melting step followed by high energy ball milling. All the materials synthesized via this method demonstrated not only high functional homogeneity but also high electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficients of around 1000 Ω-1 cm-1 and -200 µV K-1 at 773 K, respectively. The measured values were similar for all the samples extracted from the ∅50 mm and ∅70 mm compacted pellets and were stable upon thermal cycling. Thermal stability experiments from 168 hours to 720 hours at 723 K revealed no significant change in the material properties. The low thermal conductivity of ∼2.5 W m-1 K-1 at 773 K led to a maximum figure of merit, zT max, of 1.3 at the same temperature and an average value, zT avg, of 0.9 between 300 K and 773 K, which enables high efficiency in future silicide-based thermoelectric generators.

Aptamer-gold nanoparticle conjugates for the colorimetric detection of arboviruses and vector mosquito species.

The real-time, colorimetric detection of analytes via aptamer-gold nanoparticle technology has proven to be an important, emerging technique within the medical field. Of global health importance, the ability to detect vector mosquito species, such as the Aedes (Ae.) aegypti mosquito, and transmitted arboviruses, such as Zika virus, is paramount to mosquito control and surveillance efforts. Herein, we describe the detection of Ae. aegypti salivary protein for vector identification and the detection of Zika virus to assess mosquito infection status by aptamer-gold nanoparticle conjugates. Key to optimization of these diagnostics were gold nanoparticle capping agents and aptamer degree of labelling (i.e., the amount of aptamers per gold nanoparticle). In the present study, detection was achieved for as little as 10 ng Ae. aegypti salivary protein and 1.0 × 105 PFU live Zika virus. These aptamer-gold nanoparticle conjugate diagnostics could one day prove to be useful as deployable nano-based biosensors that provide easy-to-read optical read outs through a straightforward red-to-blue colour change either within a diagnostic solution or atop a card/membrane-based biosensor.

Increased variability of stimulus-driven cortical responses is associated with genetic variability in children with and without dyslexia.

Individuals with dyslexia exhibit increased brainstem variability in response to sound. It is unknown as to whether increased variability extends to neocortical regions associated with audition and reading, extends to visual stimuli, and whether increased variability characterizes all children with dyslexia or, instead, a specific subset of children. We evaluated the consistency of stimulus-evoked neural responses in children with (N = 20) or without dyslexia (N = 12) as measured by magnetoencephalography (MEG). Approximately half of the children with dyslexia had significantly higher levels of variability in cortical responses to both auditory and visual stimuli in multiple nodes of the reading network. There was a significant and positive relationship between the number of risk alleles at rs6935076 in the dyslexia-susceptibility gene KIAA0319 and the degree of neural variability in primary auditory cortex across all participants. This gene has been linked with neural variability in rodents and in typical readers. These findings indicate that unstable representations of auditory and visual stimuli in auditory and other reading-related neocortical regions are present in a subset of children with dyslexia and support the link between the gene KIAA0319 and the auditory neural variability across children with or without dyslexia.

Simulation of actin distribution of osteoblasts on titanium pillar arrays using a bio-chemo-mechanical model.

A numerical model for the adhesion of osteoblasts on titanium micropillar structures is suggested, and a function representing the concentration level of the adhesion on the pillars is constructed based on experimental observation. The introduction of this function helps a well-known bio-chemo-mechanical model to better predict the formation of actin in osteoblasts when they are laid on arrays of titanium micro-pillars of various size attached to silicon substrate. A parameter study suggests that each pillar is associated with a different pattern of adhesion. Our finding emphasises a capability of the bio-chemo-mechanical model that it can well explain the strong influence of the boundary condition on the formation of actin within the cells.

Hydrolysis Activity of Virgin Coconut Oil Using Lipase from Different Sources.

Two types of lipase, Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) and porcine pancreas lipase (PPL), were used to hydrolyze virgin coconut oil (VCO). The hydrolysis process was carried out under four parameters, VCO to buffer ratio, lipase concentration, pH, and temperature, which have a significant effect on hydrolysis of lipase. CRL obtained the best hydrolysis condition at 1 : 5 of VCO to buffer ratio, 1.5% of CRL concentration, pH 7, and temperature of 40°C. Meanwhile, PPL gave different results at 1 : 4 of VCO to buffer ratio, 2% of lipase concentration, pH 7.5, and 40°C. The highest hydrolysis degree of CRL and PPL was obtained after 16 hours and 26 hours, reaching 79.64% and 27.94%, respectively. Besides, the hydrolysis process was controlled at different time course (every half an hour) at the first 4 hours of reaction to compare the initial hydrolysis degree of these two lipase types. FFAs from hydrolyzed products were isolated and determined the percentage of each fatty acid which contributes to the FFAs mixture. As a result, medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) made up the main contribution in composition of FFAs and lauric acid (C12) was the largest segment (47.23% for CRL and 44.23% for PPL).

Effect of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) on breast cancer cells within a tumor-stroma microfluidic model.

Metastatic cancer is regarded as one of the largest contributors to disease-related deaths worldwide. Poor patient prognosis and treatment outcome is tied to the lack of efficacious anti-cancer therapies, which is due in part to the lack of physiologically relevant in vitro screening systems that can mimic the native tumor microenvironment. Conventional drug-screening platforms, which are often used in the pharmaceutical industry, are either two-dimensional (2D) assays or three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel-based matrices that lack precise control over cell distribution, matrix architecture, and organization. Despite the significance of in vivo models, they have limitations as it is difficult to control and analyze the influence of specific variables within their tumor microenvironment. Thus, there is still a crucial need to develop tumor models that enable precise control of microenvironmental cues (e.g. matrix composition, soluble factors, cellular organization) to assess the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs. Herein, we report the development and validation of a 3D microfluidic invasion platform for anti-cancer drug studies. Our platform allowed for compartmentalization of tumor and stromal fibroblasts in a defined architecture, thereby enabling pharmacokinetic drug transport to a cell-dense tumor region. We analyzed the effect of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, on the behavior of SUM159 breast cancer cells. Many HDAC inhibitors, including SAHA, have been a subject of controversy with highly conflicting results for the treatment of solid tumors in vitro as well as in clinical trials. We found that SAHA significantly inhibited cellular migration/proliferation, and decreased microtubule polarization.

Motor cortex and spinal cord neuromodulation promote corticospinal tract axonal outgrowth and motor recovery after cervical contusion spinal cord injury.

Cervical injuries are the most common form of SCI. In this study, we used a neuromodulatory approach to promote skilled movement recovery and repair of the corticospinal tract (CST) after a moderately severe C4 midline contusion in adult rats. We used bilateral epidural intermittent theta burst (iTBS) electrical stimulation of motor cortex to promote CST axonal sprouting and cathodal trans-spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) to enhance spinal cord activation to motor cortex stimulation after injury. We used Finite Element Method (FEM) modeling to direct tsDCS to the cervical enlargement. Combined iTBS-tsDCS was delivered for 30min daily for 10days. We compared the effect of stimulation on performance in the horizontal ladder and the Irvine Beattie and Bresnahan forepaw manipulation tasks and CST axonal sprouting in injury-only and injury+stimulation animals. The contusion eliminated the dorsal CST in all animals. tsDCS significantly enhanced motor cortex evoked responses after C4 injury. Using this combined spinal-M1 neuromodulatory approach, we found significant recovery of skilled locomotion and forepaw manipulation skills compared with injury-only controls. The spared CST axons caudal to the lesion in both animal groups derived mostly from lateral CST axons that populated the contralateral intermediate zone. Stimulation enhanced injury-dependent CST axonal outgrowth below and above the level of the injury. This dual neuromodulatory approach produced partial recovery of skilled motor behaviors that normally require integration of posture, upper limb sensory information, and intent for performance. We propose that the motor systems use these new CST projections to control movements better after injury.

Optimization and application of cooled avalanche photodiodes for spectroscopic fluctuation measurements with ultra-fast charge exchange recombination spectroscopy.

The Ultra-Fast Charge Exchange Recombination Spectroscopy (UF-CHERS) diagnostic is a highly specialized spectroscopic instrument with 2 spatial channels consisting of 8 spectral channels each and a resolution of ∼0.25 nm deployed at DIII-D to measure turbulent ion temperature fluctuations. Charge exchange emissions are obtained between 528 and 530 nm with 1 µs time resolution to study plasma instabilities. A primary challenge of extracting fluctuation measurements from raw UF-CHERS signals is photon and electronic noise. In order to reduce dark current, the Avalanche Photodiode (APD) detectors are thermo-electrically cooled. State-of-the-art components are used for the signal amplifiers and conditioners to minimize electronic noise. Due to the low incident photon power (≤1 nW), APDs with a gain of up to 300 are used to optimize the signal to noise ratio. Maximizing the APDs' gain while minimizing the excess noise factor (ENF) is essential since the total noise of the diagnostic sets a floor for the minimum level of detectable broadband fluctuations. The APDs' gain should be high enough that photon noise dominates electronic noise, but not excessive so that the ENF overwhelms plasma fluctuations. A new generation of cooled APDs and optimized preamplifiers exhibits significantly enhanced signal-to-noise compared to a previous generation. Experiments at DIII-D have allowed for characterization and optimization of the ENF vs. gain. A gain of ∼100 at 1700 V is found to be near optimal for most plasma conditions. Ion temperature and toroidal velocity fluctuations due to the edge harmonic oscillation in quiescent H-mode plasmas are presented to demonstrate UF-CHERS' capabilities.

Ultrahigh Responsivity-Bandwidth Product in a Compact InP Nanopillar Phototransistor Directly Grown on Silicon.

Highly sensitive and fast photodetectors can enable low power, high bandwidth on-chip optical interconnects for silicon integrated electronics. III-V compound semiconductor direct-bandgap materials with high absorption coefficients are particularly promising for photodetection in energy-efficient optical links because of the potential to scale down the absorber size, and the resulting capacitance and dark current, while maintaining high quantum efficiency. We demonstrate a compact bipolar junction phototransistor with a high current gain (53.6), bandwidth (7 GHz) and responsivity (9.5 A/W) using a single crystalline indium phosphide nanopillar directly grown on a silicon substrate. Transistor gain is obtained at sub-picowatt optical power and collector bias close to the CMOS line voltage. The quantum efficiency-bandwidth product of 105 GHz is the highest for photodetectors on silicon. The bipolar junction phototransistor combines the receiver front end circuit and absorber into a monolithic integrated device, eliminating the wire capacitance between the detector and first amplifier stage.

Multipoint genome-wide linkage scan for nonword repetition in a multigenerational family further supports chromosome 13q as a locus for verbal trait disorders.

Verbal trait disorders encompass a wide range of conditions and are marked by deficits in five domains that impair a person's ability to communicate: speech, language, reading, spelling, and writing. Nonword repetition is a robust endophenotype for verbal trait disorders that is sensitive to cognitive processes critical to verbal development, including auditory processing, phonological working memory, and motor planning and programming. In the present study, we present a six-generation extended pedigree with a history of verbal trait disorders. Using genome-wide multipoint variance component linkage analysis of nonword repetition, we identified a region spanning chromosome 13q14-q21 with LOD = 4.45 between 52 and 55 cM, spanning approximately 5.5 Mb on chromosome 13. This region overlaps with SLI3, a locus implicated in reading disability in families with a history of specific language impairment. Our study of a large multigenerational family with verbal trait disorders further implicates the SLI3 region in verbal trait disorders. Future studies will further refine the specific causal genetic factors in this locus on chromosome 13q that contribute to language traits.

Efficiency of auricular acupuncture in climacteric symptoms after cancer treatments.

OBJECTIVES: This paper aims to highlight the efficiency of auriculotherapy in the treatment of hot flushes, especially in cancer-related menopausal transition. METHODS: We used systematically collected data from patients in 2014 in a medical oncology practice. The treatment was made according to the guidelines of The Inter-University Diploma and the cartography of the World Health Organization; data on satisfaction were collected orally. RESULTS: In 2014, 49 patients, among whom 41 had cancer, were treated for hot flushes. Although it is not recommended to treat several symptoms during the same session, we dealt with 1.7 symptoms per session on average. Sixty-nine percent of the patients were satisfied. We lacked data for nine patients, who did not come to the minimal recommended number of treatments (three). Only one patient among those who did not observe any improvement received three treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Auricular acupuncture is a safe and cheap method to treat hot flushes. It has been effective in numerous and various cases, among which were patients who presented cancer-related menopausal symptoms. It may be applied for a large variety of other symptoms.

Tunable transportable spectroradiometer based on an acousto-optical tunable filter: Development and optical performance.

We describe a high-performance, transportable, versatile spectroradiometer based on an acousto-optical tunable filter (AOTF). The instrument was developed for temperature metrology, namely, to determine the thermodynamic temperature of black bodies above the Ag freezing point (961.78 °C). Its main design feature is the attenuation of the diffraction side lobes (and, thus, out-of-band stray light) thanks to the use of a double-pass configuration. The radiofrequency tuning of the AOTF allows continuous, fine, and rapid wavelength control over a wide spectral range (650 nm-1000 nm). The instrument tunability can be easily calibrated with an Ar spectral lamp with reproducibility within 10 pm over one week. The instrument was characterised in terms of relative signal stability (few 10-4) and wavelength stability (1 pm) over several hours. The spectral responsivity of the instrument was calibrated with two complementary methods: tuning of the wavelength of the optical source or tuning the radiofrequency of the AOTF. Besides the application for thermodynamic temperature determination at the lowest uncertainty level, this instrument can also be used for multispectral non-contact thermometry of processed materials of non-grey and non-unitary emissivity (in the glass or metallurgical industries).

Wurtzite-Phased InP Micropillars Grown on Silicon with Low Surface Recombination Velocity.

The direct growth of III-V nanostructures on silicon has shown great promise in the integration of optoelectronics with silicon-based technologies. Our previous work showed that scaling up nanostructures to microsize while maintaining high quality heterogeneous integration opens a pathway toward a complete photonic integrated circuit and high-efficiency cost-effective solar cells. In this paper, we present a thorough material study of novel metastable InP micropillars monolithically grown on silicon, focusing on two enabling aspects of this technology-the stress relaxation mechanism at the heterogeneous interface and the microstructure surface quality. Aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy studies show that InP grows directly on silicon without any amorphous layer in between. A set of periodic dislocations was found at the heterointerface, relaxing the 8% lattice mismatch between InP and Si. Single crystalline InP therefore can grow on top of the fully relaxed template, yielding high-quality micropillars with diameters expanding beyond 1 µm. An interesting power-dependence trend of carrier recombination lifetimes was captured for these InP micropillars at room temperature, for the first time for micro/nanostructures. By simply combining internal quantum efficiency with carrier lifetime, we revealed the recombination dynamics of nonradiative and radiative portions separately. A very low surface recombination velocity of 1.1 × 10(3) cm/sec was obtained. In addition, we experimentally estimated the radiative recombination B coefficient of 2.0 × 10(-10) cm(3)/sec for pure wurtzite-phased InP. These values are comparable with those obtained from InP bulk. Exceeding the limits of conventional nanowires, our InP micropillars combine the strengths of both nanostructures and bulk materials and will provide an avenue in heterogeneous integration of III-V semiconductor materials onto silicon platforms.