Exposure systems for bioelectromagnetic experiments.

One of the most interesting questions in bioelectromagnetics is why there is a difference between results of experiments performed in various labs in "identical" conditions. One of the possible reasons is the difference of investigated objects, especially while performing experiments in vivo. However, the authors, as engineers, would like to focus readers' attention on the technical aspects of exposure systems, especially the presence and role of mutual interaction between biological objects under test (OUT) and the exposure system, the interactions between the objects, the role of polarization, the similarity of real exposure to that applied in experiments etc. All these factors may alter the results of experiments and lead to false conclusions.

[Verification of Polish regulations of maximum permissible intensities in electromagnetic fields by the Commission for Bioelectromagnetic Issues of the Polish Radiation Research Society]. / Prace Komisji do spraw Problemow Bioelektromagnetycznych Polskiego Towarzystwa Badan Radiacyjnych w zakresie weryfikacji krajowych przepisów o najwyzszych dopuszczalnych natezeniach w polach elektromagnetycznych.

Experts in the field of bioelectromagnetism have reported a growing need to verify Polish regulations on the protection against electromagnetic fields (EMF) in the 0-300 GHz range, especially in their maximal permissible intensities (MPI). There is a general belief that Polish standards do not fully comply with recommendations and directives of the European Union (EU) and that Polish regulations on the border values for environmental and occupational exposure to EMF are not harmonized. To this end, the Commission for Bioelectromagnetic Issues have been set up in the Polish Radiation Research Society. Following a through analysis of standards binding in Poland and EU, the Commission set about working on verified MPI values for EMF. This paper presents some comments of the Commission members, stressing the complexity of this undertaking.

[Protection against electromagnetic fields 0-300 GHz in Poland. New regulations and perspectives if their harmonization wit the European Union requirements]. / Ochrona przed polami elektromagnetycznymi 0-300 GHz w Polsce. Nowe przepisy i perspektywy ich harmonizacji z wymogami Unii Europejskiej.

A critical review of protection regulations (or their proposals) on work safety regarding electromagnetic fields as well as the general public protection against unwanted exposure to the fields are presented in this paper. The standards of the Western World are illogical in both aspects, biomedical knowledge and technical. The results (permissible exposures) are defined more precisely than the input data. In Poland, two independent acts are in force: one on occupational exposures and the other on non-occupational exposures. The former is "a world-better", but requires to be immediately changed to a standard that is applicable and friendly to its users. The latter can be accepted after introducing several amendments. The enlargement of the environmental standard to include occupational issues may create a good Polish proposal also useful at the international level.