[Comparative efficiency of various food fibers in the correction of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with type II diabetes mellitus]. / Sravnitelnaia éffektivnost razlichnykh vidov pishchevykh volokon v korrektsii uglevodnogo i lipidnogo obmena u bolnykh sakharnym diabetom II tipa.

Various sources of food fibers (FF) were compared for efficacy in correction of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders induced by diabetes mellitus type II (DM). The diet containing citrus pectin (CP), wheat bran (WB), lignin-enriched bran (LEB), cellulose pulp (CP) was given to 100 diabetics with hyperlipidemia. Follow-up measurements were made of basal and aftermeal glycemia, cholesterol and triglycerides, immunoreactive insulin and glucagon levels in the serum of the patients before and after 4-week dietetics. The results showed a hypocholesterolemic effect of CP and hypoglycemic effect of WB. The findings urge differentiated use of FF when correcting carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with DM type II.

[Changes in fatty acid composition of the plasma and erythrocytes in osteochondrosis]. / Izmenenie sostava zhirnykh kislot plazmy krovi i éritrotsitov pri osteokhondroze.

Alteration of fatty acid composition was studied in blood plasma and erythrocytes of 14 patients with osteochondrosis under conditions of relief-diet therapy. During the period of full starvation distinct decrease in content of linoleic and eicosatrienic acids as well as an increase in content of palmitic, oleic and arachidonic acids were detected in blood plasma. Shifts in the ratio linoleic/arachidonic acids towards an increase in content of arachidonic acid appear to occur as a result of adaptation to stress caused by hunger. These alterations in the fatty acid spectrum of blood plasma, observed during starvation, were normalized within two weeks of recreative diet therapy. Deficiency in polyunsaturated fatty acids was not found in erythrocyte membranes under conditions of the relief-diet therapy course used.

[Effect of food loading on the activity of the kallikrein-kinin system of the blood in an experiment]. / Vliianie pishchevykh nagruzok na aktivnost' kallikrein-kininovoi sistemy krovi v éksperimente.

The influence of some food loads on the blood kallikrein-kinin system was studied in an experiment on 30 Wistar male rats. Significant changes in the blood kallikrein-kinin system were recorded in the animals after starvation and after glucose injections. Increased alpha 2-macroglobulin and alpha 1-antitrypsin activities in these groups were considered as manifestations of the defensive-compensatory reactions of the body in response to the intensified synthesis of the kininogenase component. Diminution of kallikrein activity observed in the group of animals, that received meat load, was regarded as the result of compensatory adaptation to protein. It has been suggested that the influence of the alimentary factor on the kallikrein-kinin system should be considered in a direct association with other neurohumoral and neuromediator systems of the body.

[The role of soy protein in the diet therapy of patients with ischemic heart disease]. / Rol' soevogo belka v dietoterapii bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa.

The dynamics of blood lipid values, activity of the kallikrein-kinin system and immunologic responsiveness were studied in coronary patients (males aged 43-56 years) who had survived myocardial infarction, during dietotherapy with rations in which 2/3, 1/3 and 1/2 protein were sequentially substituted for soybean protein. The hypocholesterolemic action of soybean protein correlated with its content in the ration, the kallikrein and prekallikrein levels in the blood serum rose simultaneously with a tendency to decrease in the tryptic and to increase in the inhibitory activity of the blood, positive shifts in the cellular immunity were recorded in the patients followed up during dietotherapy.

[The effect of the alimentary factor on erythrocyte ATPase activity in ischemic heart disease patients]. / K voprosu o vliianii alimentarnogo faktora na ATF-aznuiu aktivnost' éritrotsitov u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa.

Functional disorders in the ion-transport ATPase system were detected in young and middle-aged males suffering from coronary heart disease (CHD). The degree of the ATPase activity impairment (general ATPase, Mg-ATPase and Na, K-ATPase) correlated with hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) which was revealed in CHD patients. Different direction of changes was observed in the concentrations of cations in plasma and erythrocytes, that, in some cases, could not be correlated with the degree of HLP and suppression of ion-transport ATPase activity. Positive correlation was observed with respect to increased concentration of Mg2+ in serum and Na+ in erythrocytes, and hypercholesterolemia, as well as with respect to decreased concentration of Mg2+, suppressed Mg-ATPase activity, and hypo-alpha-cholesterolemia. A significant tendency to normalization of parameters of lipid metabolism and lipid-dependent ion-transport ATPases was recorded in CHD patients after a course of the anti-atherosclerotic dietotherapy.

[Effect of diet therapy on indices of the activity of the plasma kallikrein-kinin system of young and middle-aged ischemic heart disease patients]. / Vliianie dietoterapii na pokazateli aktivnosti kallikrein-kininovoi sistemy plazmy krovi u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa molodogo i srednego vozrasta.

Young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease manifested an increase in the activity of kallikrein and BAEE-esterase together with a reduction in the levels of prekallikrein and alpha 2-macroglobulin. The maximal shifts were seen in young patients and in patients who sustained myocardial infarction less than a year before examination. High kallikrein level was associated with hypertriglyceridemia and disordered fibrinolytic activity. Dietetics promoted the normalization of the disordered parameters, particularly in patients whose diet included soybean.

[Status of the kallikrein-kinin system of the blood in young and middle-aged patients with ischemic heart disease]. / O sostoianii kallikrein-kininovoi sistemy krovi u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa molodogo i srednego vozrasta.

Increase in BAEE-esterase and kallikrein activities, simultaneously with decrease in alpha 2-macroglobulin and prekallikrein activities were found in blood plasma of young and middle age patients with heart ischemic disease. The maximal alterations were observed in young patients as well as in patients, subjected to heart infarction less than a year before the examination. Maximal activity of kallikrein was accompanied by deterioration of fibrinolytic activity, by hypertriglyceridemia and by increase in adrenaline excretion. Dietetics normalized partially the state of kallikrein-kinin system, especially, in patients ration of which contained soybean products.

[Effect of plant protein on pancreatic exocrine function in chronic kidney failure patients]. / K voprosu o vliianii rastitel'nogo belka na vneshnesekretornuiu funktsiiu podzheludochnoi zhelezy u bol'nykh s khronicheskoi pochechnoi nedostatochnost'iu.

Patients with chronic renal failure received the diet in which plant protein accounted for 80% of protein component. There was a definite decline in the serum of amylase and lipase activity. The activity of trypsin and its inhibitor remained the same whereas the control group manifested its elevation. In administering the diet for a long time one should consider the possibilities of the occurrence of the action of plant proteinase inhibitors.

[Excretion of catecholamines and lipid composition of blood in patients with chronic pancreatitis]. / Ekskretsiia katekholaminov i lipidnyi sostav syvorotki krovi u bol'nykh khronicheskim pankreatitom.

Excretion of adrenaline was increased in patients with chronic recurrent pancreatitis, excretion of noradrenaline tended to decrease although the content of this amine exceeded 1.5-2-fold its normal concentration in individual patients; excretion of DOPA was unaltered. Hyperlipoproteinemia was found in the majority of the patients. Maximal level of the adrenaline excretion was mainly observed in the patients with high activity of the trypsin inhibitor in blood serum as well as with the high ratio trypsin inhibitor/trypsin. An increase in the adrenaline excretion correlated with hypercholesterolemia and to a lesser extent--with hypertriglyceridemia. The most pronounced hypertriglyceridemia was typical for the patients with alcoholic abuse. Relationship between catecholamines and extrasecretory functions of pancreatic gland as well as with hyperlipoproteinemia in pancreatitis is discussed. An increase in the total antitryptic activity might be caused by activation of the sympathoadrenal system or by hyperproduction of adrenaline.

[Effect of the alimentary factor on certain indices of the functional state of the pancreas in young peptic ulcer patients and atrophic gastritis patients]. / Vliianie alimentarnogo faktora na nekotorye pokazateli funktsional'nogo sostoianiia podzheludochnoi zhelezy u bol'nykh iazvennoi bolezn'iu v iunosheskom vozraste i bol'nykh atroficheskim gastritom.

The activity of amylase, lipase and trypsin was increased and that of the trypsin inhibitor decreased in the blood serum of young peptic ulcer patients as compared with healthy persons. The antiulcerous dietetics normalized significantly the parameters studied. Similar highly pronounced shifts in the activity of the blood pancreatic enzymes were revealed in atrophic gastritis patients. Hyperamilasuria and clinical symptoms of pancreatitis were not observed both in the peptic patients, and in the atrophic gastritis patients. The shifts in the blood content of pancreatic enzymes and their dynamics correlated mainly with the intensity and dynamics of the disturbances in the locomotive function of the gastroduodenal system.

[State of the external secretory function of the pancreas in chronic enterocolitis]. / Sostoianie vneshnesekretornoi funktsii podzheludochnoi zhelezy u bol'nykh khronicheskim énterokolitom.

Activities of main pancreatic enzymes as well as activity of trypsin inhibitor were studied in blood serum, duodenal contents and urine in course of investigations of the exocrinic function of pancreas in patients. The exocrinic function of pancreas was found to be impaired in chronic enterocolitis. The impairment of the gland secretion, caused by inflammatory and atrophic alterations in intestine, might be one of the factors responsible for alterations in the enzymatic activity and in activity of trypsin inhibitor. Complex examination of the pancreatic enzymes and of trypsin inhibitor supplied an adequate information on the state of exocrinic function of pancreatic gland in the patients with chronic enterocolitis.