Correlation between Orientation Spread and Ear Forming of As-Annealed AA5151 Aluminum Alloy.

In the present work, we take the influences of activated slip systems and the orientation spread into account to predict the cup height using analytical earing models and compare the predicted results with experimental results. The effect of boundary conditions of the various stress states and the work hardening exponents are compared and discussed for profile of single crystals. A stress ratio of -0.3 and a hardening exponent of 0.3 are selected for the prediction of earing profiles. The combination of activation of the single slip systems and orientation spread provides the best prediction of deep-drawing profiles. With further consideration of the orientation spread, an increase in the total orientation leads to peak-broadening, i.e., broad and smooth ears. Furthermore, the difference of the height between the maximum and minimum value of cup profiles is reduced because of the orientation spread. The profile for C is found with single ear at 45°, while the other components individually reveal double ears at 35° and 50° for S, at 15° and 45° for B, at 0° and 90° for Cube, at 5° and 90° for r-Cube, and at 15° and 90° for G. Herein, simple analytical earing models are proposed to understand the effects of slip systems and the orientation spread. The deep-drawing profiles are predicted with six major texture components.

Proportions of Proinflammatory Monocytes Are Important Predictors of Mortality Risk in Hemodialysis Patients.

Despite the continuous progression in dialysis medicine, mortality and the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among hemodialysis patients are still substantial. Substantial evidence suggests that proinflammatory (CD16+) monocytes contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. A cohort of 136 stable hemodialysis patients (follow-up: 6.25 year) was assessed to investigate the association between the proportion of CD16+ monocytes for all-cause and CVD mortalities. The CD16+ monocytes were associated with both mortalities after adjusting for a preexisting CVD history. Compared to the reference group (CD16+ monocytes within [15.6-18.6], the first and second quartile), patients with CD16+ monocytes above the highest quartile level (>21.5) had an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 30.85 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.12-133.8) for CVD mortality and 5.28 (2.07-13.49) for all-cause mortality, and those with CD16+ monocytes below the lowest quartile ≤15.6), had significantly elevated death risks after 3.5-year follow-up (HR [95% CI]: 10.9 [2.42-48.96] and 4.38 [1.45-13.24] for CV and all-cause mortalities, respectively). The hemodialysis patients with CD16+ monocyte level in a low but mostly covering normal range also portended a poor prognosis. The findings shed some light for nephrologists on future prospects of early recognizing immune dysfunction and improving early intervention outcomes.