Mitochondrial Dynamics and Proteins Related to Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Disruptions in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and the occurrence of proteins misfolding lead to neuronal death, resulting in Age-related Dementia and Neurodegenerative diseases as well as Frailty. Functional, neurophysiologic and biochemical alterations within the mitochondrial populations can reveal deficits in brain energy metabolism resulting in Mild Cognitive Impairment, abnormal neural development, autonomic dysfunction and other mitochondrial disorders. Additionally, in cases of Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease, a significant number of proteins seem to form unordered and problematic structures, leading through unknown mechanisms to pathological conditions. While the proteins structure prediction problem is still an open challenge regarding its complexity, several features associated with the correlations of misfolding proteins and Neurodegeneration are discussed in the present study and a computational analysis for the proteins Amyloid Beta, Tau, α-Synuclein, Parkin, Pink1, MFN1, MFN1, OPA1, and DNM1L is also presented.

Application of Efficient Nanoparticles for Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer.

Cancer is considered as a prevalent cause of human deaths and undoubtedly, is the most complex disease with multiple cellular physiological systems involved. During the last decade, the application of nanotechnological products for cancer treatment has received considerable attention. These sophisticated tools and materials treat cancer though the early diagnosis, the prediction, the prevention and the personalized therapy. This technology enabled the development of nanoscale particles that can be conjugated with one or multiple functional molecules simultaneously. Nanoparticles have the capability to be delivered directly through blood vessels to the tumor site and interact with targeted tumor-specific proteins located inside or on the surface of cancer cells, since their size is a hundred to thousand times smaller than cancer cells. In this review, comprehensive outline of all the latest scientific and technological applications such as quantum dots and gold nanoparticles alongside with their applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment have been presented.

A computer-aided diagnosis system for geriatrics assessment and frailty evaluation.

It is a common knowledge that frailty is a condition associated with getting older, and it has been considered as highly prevalent as far as falls, disability, hospitalization, and mortality are concerned. At the present time a standardized definition has not yet been established. With that in mind and for frailty being of a vital importance as a term identifying geriatric symptoms, we pursued to embody the well-known 70-scale CSHA Frailty index of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging in a Clinical Decision Support System, after categorizing and expanding it. The proposed categorization in this chapter can be helpful for usage by patients and their relatives, care givers, and medical doctors.