[The diagnostic value of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique in detection of anti-tuberculosis antibodies in groups of patients with HIV-positive and HIV-negative reaction].

The article analyzes the results of evaluation of diagnostic value of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antituberculosis antibodies with purpose to diagnose tuberculosis of lungs separately in groups of both HIV-positive and HIV-negative persons. A moderate diagnostic value of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is established under screening for tuberculosis of lungs in HIV-negative patients. The evidence of reliability of results depended mainly of actual form of tuberculosis of lungs. In view of many positive results in detection of anti-tuberculosis antibodies in control group of patients with HIV-infection the data testified the low diagnostic significance of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in group of patients with HIV-infection. The drawbacks of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique of diagnostic of tuberculosis of lungs in common group of HIV-infected patients partially compensated by possibility of its application at late stages of development of HIV-infection.

[Clinical and immunological features of concomitant HIV/tuberculosis infection and HIV infection without tuberculosis].

The clinical and hematological manifestations and functional state of the immune system were comparatively evaluated in patients with concomitant HIV/tuberculosis (TB) infection (n = 84) and in those with HIV infection without tuberculosis (n = 106). The course of concomitant HIV-TB infection was ascertained to differ from HIV monoinfection in a diversity of additional exposures that aggravated the patients' general condition. These included: the parameters of a long proceeding inflammatory process, which were accompanied by the signs of the infection-toxic syndrome, inflammatory changes in the hemogram, by a sharp stimulation of the nonspecific link of immunity. So the comparative analysis of the trend in HIV infection in combination with active tuberculosis and HIV monoinfection revealed a prompter progression of the disease in the former case.

[The specific features of formation of a humoral immune response in patients with tuberculosis].

The paper presents the results of studying the time course of changes in tuberculosis antibodies by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and immune blotting (IB) in 34 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. In 76.5% of cases, EIA were established to reveal tuberculosis antibodies whose concentration is most pronounced in lung tissue destruction. The detection rate of specific antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) structural components by IB was 100%, which was 23.6% greater than that by EIA. The MBT structural components with a molecular weight of 11-20, 21-30, and 101-160 kDa were found to have high immunogenic properties, as suggested by the maximum levels of antibodies and by the marked antigenic proteins of proteins with a molecular weight of 11-20, 21-30, and 41-50 kDa, which showed itself as the generation of the maximum levels of circulating immune complexes with antigens of this specificity.

[Clinical and laboratory markers of immune dysfunction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and their blood relatives].

AIM: To ascertain clinical and laboratory signs of immune disorders in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), their healthy blood relatives and healthy females without autoimmune disease family history. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Immune status was studied in 66 RA patients, their 56 female relatives of the first and 10 female relatives of the second degree of kinship, 63 healthy females without family history of autoimmune disorders. Immune response was assessed conventionally. RESULTS: 87.5% relatives of the first degree had symptoms of immune dysfunction (control--50.8%). Combinations of immunopathological syndromes were registered in 41.1% examinees of this group (control--17.5%). Autoimmune syndrome was most frequent (64.3%, control--19%). Infectious syndrome occurred in 51.8% relatives and 33.3% controls (the difference is significant). Despite immunosuppressive therapy, occurrence of infectious syndrome in RA (18.6%) was much lower than in controls. It was found that before RA onset 81.4% patients suffered from frequent long-term infections. RA onset reduced the infections frequency. Allergy was in 12.5, 19 and 6.2% of the relatives, controls and patients, respectively. The relatives demonstrated a significant decline of compliment activity close to such in patients. CONCLUSION: Immune disorders in blood relatives of women suffering from RA are more frequent and severe than in women without autoimmune disorders in family history. However, subclinical immunopathological symptoms in them did not realize in certain disease during the observation period. This may be explained by weaker congenital defects of immune system functioning or the existence of compensatory mechanisms suppressing development of pathological autoimmune processes.

[Immunopharmacological activity of xymedone in patients with atopic bronchial asthma]. / K mekhanizmu immunofarmakologicheskogo deistviia ksimedona u bol'nykh atopicheskoi bronkhial'noi atmoi.

Xymedone produced therapeutic effect in patients with atopic bronchial asthma. The drug action was manifested by a decrease in the IgE level and an increase in gamma-interferon level. Adding xymedone to lymphocytes cultivated with phytohemagglutinin revealed stimulating action of this drug on the delayed-type hypersensitivity. Mechanisms involved in the immunotropic action of xymedone are discussed.

[The effect of pyrimidine derivatives on the sulfhydryl status of immunocompetent cells in vivo: the interrelationship with Ca2(+)-ATPase and antimutagenic activity]. / Vliianie pirimidinovykh proizvodnykh na sul'gidril'nyi status immunokompetentnykh kletok in vivo: vzaimosviaz' s Ca2(+)-ATFaznoi i antimutagennoi aktivnost'iu.

It was demonstrated in experiments on guinea pigs that a 30 mg/kg dose of ximedon changes the content of SH-groups in immunocompetent cells depending on the duration of drug administration and the organ to which the cells under test belong. Maximum increase of the SH-groups was recorded in the thymocytes. The dynamics of changes in Ca(2+)-ATPase activity repeated the fluctuations in the SH-group content in the splenic and bone marrow cells. In the bone marrow cells of CBA x C57B1 mice 3 mg/kg ximedon suppressed the induction of chromosome aberrations caused by cyclophosphane. The interrelationship of changes in the cell sulfhydryl status with Ca(2+)-ATPase activity and the antimutagenic effect of ximedon is discussed.

[Determination of the activity of Willebrand's factor by laser analyzer of platelet aggregation]. / Opredelenie aktivnosti faktora Villebranda pri pomoshchi lazernogo analizatora agregatsii trombotsitov.

A modification of von Willebrand' factor/ristocetin cofactor activity test is proposed. Agglutination of formalin-treated platelets is monitored in the aggregation analyzer from changes in the light transmission in the specimen. The test is sensitive and reproducible. It is intended for clinical laboratories to be used in patients with hematological diseases and the endotheliopathy syndrome of different etiology.

[Effect of pyrimidine derivatives on the regulation of active transport of calcium in the immunocompetent cells]. / Vliianie pirimidinovykh proizvodnykh na sistemu reguliatsii aktivnogo transporta kal'tsiia v immunokompetentnykh kletkakh.

Experiments with guinea pig immunocompetent cells and nonadherent and adherent mononuclear fractions of the peripheral blood of healthy donors, and patients with rheumatoid arthritis and purulent surgical infection disclosed different levels of Ca(2+)-ATPase activity. Thymectomy in adult guinea pigs led to diminution of activity of the enzyme in all lymphoid organs. The effect of ximedon (30 mg/kg) on Ca(2+)-ATPase activity depended on the thymus and duration of treatment with the drug, and was of a two-phase character.

[The function of the effector cells of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis]. / Funktsional'noe sostoianie kletok-éffektorov vospaleniia pri revmatoidnom artrite.

As many as 105 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were examined for function of tissue and circulating neutrophils. The effect of serum factors on the nature of inflammation and synovial fluid was estimated both in the joint and in the focus of aseptic inflammation. The defense mechanisms of regulating inflammation, different trends in the effects of serum and synovial fluid on cell migration and oxygen metabolism were revealed, relations between the phenomena under study and the disease activity and local inflammation were defined.

[The determination of the heparin-dependent monocyte activity in rheumatoid arthritis]. / Opredelenie geparinzavisimoi aktivnosti monotsitov pri revmatoidnom artrite.

Heparin elevates the level of NBT-positive monocytes in donors and patients with osteoarthrosis deformans and rheumatoid arthritis. Patient's rheumatoid arthritis cells were found the most sensitive to heparin. Excessive heparin-dependent activity of monocytes in this case reflects the activity of the rheumatoid process, the NBT test with heparin being more sensitive in the diagnosis of disease activity than measurement of red cell sedimentation rate or of blood C-reactive protein, gamma- and alpha 2-globulin levels.

[Role of kinins in the pathogenesis of craniocerebral injury and the validation of corrective antiproteolytic therapy]. / Rol' kininov v patogeneze cherepno-mozgovoi travmy i obosnovanie korrigiruiushchei antiproteoliticheskoi terapii.

The role of the kinin system in the development of extra- and intracerebral complications in the acute period of severe craniocerebral trauma was studied from complex clinical and biochemical examination. The authors substantiate the expediency of applying corrective antiproteolytic therapy, in which case the predominant trend of its action--inhibition of kinin production in the vascular bed or on the tissue level--must be taken into account. The time, duration, and methods of Contrykal administration were developed.

[Redistribution of populations of T- and B-lymphocytes among lymphoid organs in response to hydrocortisone]. / Pereraspredelenie popliatsii T- i B-limfotsitov mezhdu limfoinymi organami pod vliianiem gidrokortizona.

Single injection of hydrocortisone to guinea-pigs provoked a remarkable transitory T-lymphocytopenia with transition of T- lymphocytes into the bone marrow during the early stages. On the contrary, the content of B-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood gradually rose and exceeded the normal level twice as much by the end of the first day. Histological analysis did not reveal any signs of massive destruction of lymphocytes. It is suggested that the redistribution mechanism lies at the basis of changes in the lymphocyte population ratio induced by corticosteroid administration.

[Comparative effectiveness of epsilon-aminocaproic acid and contrical in preventing complement activation on immune complexes]. / Sravnitel'naia éffektivnost' epsilon-aminokapronovoi kisloty i kontrikala v predotvrashchenii aktivirovaniia komplementa na immunnykh kompleksakh.

Experiments on formation of circulatory immune complexes followed by activation of the complement components were made on sensitized guinea-pigs after intravenous injection of human gamma-globulin as specific antigen. epsilon-Aminocaproic acid did not affect the formation of circulatory immune complexes but significantly inhibited complement activation. Contrykal did not alter the formation of the immune complexes but slightly inhibited activation of the complement components.

[Effect of testosterone propionate on the lymphoid system and antibody-producing capacity in golden hamsters]. / Vliianie testosterona propionata na limfoidnuiu sistemu i antiteloobrazuiushchuiu sposobnost' u zolotistykh khomiakov.

The effect of testosterone-propionate on the lymphoid tissue and humoral immunological response to SRBC was studied in 224 golden hamsters of both sex. The hormone was injected intramuscularly in a dose of 1 and 5 mg every other day (a total of 10 injections). Testosterone caused thymus atrophy, hypoplasia of the spleen, reduction of the absolute B lymphocyte count in the bone marrow, forming cell count and a fall of the serum hemolysin titre in the immunized animals. The detected changes were found to be more pronounced in female animals.

[Dynamics of components of the kallikrein-kinin system in the arterial and venous blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with severe cranio-cerebral injuries]. / Dinamika komponentov kallikrein-kininovoi sistemy v arterial'noi, venoznoi krovi i likvore u bol'nykh s tiazheloi cherepno-mozgovoi travmoi.

Comparative study of the activity dynamics of the components of the kallikrein-kinin system in portions of blood flowing to the brain and draining from it and in the cerebrospinal fluid was carried out in 26 patients with a severe craniocerebral trauma. It was found that activation of the system is displayed by a considerable increase in spontaneous esterase activity, a fall in the activity of kallikrein inhibitors, and a decrease in the content of prekallikrein and kininogen. The degree of activation depends on the severity of the lesion, reaches the maximum level by the 3rd--4th day of the development of the pathological process, and is manifested most fully in blood draining from the brain.