[Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Part 1. Definition, terminology, prevalence, etiology and patogenesis, clinical features, complications, classification].

Definitions of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are given, related terminological problems are discussed, the prevalence of UC and CD in the population is considered along with their etiology pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, complications and extraintestinal (systemic) lesions. Classification and diagnostics of UC and CD are discussed with special reference to current international recommendations on their diagnostics and differential treatment.

[Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Modern views. Part 2. Diagnostics and differential therapy].

Definitions of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are given, related terminological problems are discussed, the prevalence of UC and CD in the population is considered along with their etiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, complications and extraintestinal (systemic) lesions. Classification and diagnostics of UC and CD are discussed with special reference to current international recommendations on their diagnostics and differential treatment, rejuvenation and extraintestinal lesions.

[Cutaneous symptoms and syndromes in pathology of digestive organs].

Changes of skin characteristics accompanying various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, hepatobiliary system, and pancreas having diagnostic implications are considered. Possible mechanisms of their development are discussed with reference to the underlying gastroenetrologic diseases.

[Chronic constipation: current view of the problem].

The authors propose the definition of chronic constipations (CC) and present data on their incidence and classification along with a concise review of physiology and motor-evacuation function of the colon and defecation act. Pathogenesis and clinical symptoms of different forms of functional and organic CC are discussed. Instrumental and laboratory methods for the examination of patients with CC are described including special techniques for the diagnosis of abnormalities in the anorectal region. Special attention is given to modern approaches to individual therapy including correction of life style and dietary habits as well as the choice of adequate drug therapy. The proposed classification of purgative drugs takes into account indications for their use, contraindications, and adverse effects. Selected methods of physiotherapeutic and surgical treatment of CC are described.

[Influence of antidepressant therapy on psychovegetative disorders in patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis in perioperative period].

The results of prospective study of the stage of vascular endothelium and neutrophil phagocytic activity (NPA) in patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis (CCC) in perioperative period, who had anxious depressive disturbances (ADD), were represented. 61 patients were examined 3 weeks before cholecystectomy (CE). Intensity of anxiety and depression, vegetative tonus, desquamated endotheliocytes (DE) in blood and phagocytosis degree were assessed. The patients were randomized into 2 groups. The patients of 1st group (n = 30) received antidepressant coaxil during perioperative period (6 weeks); 2nd group (the control) was composed of 31 patients and was treated without coaxil. In 1st group significant decrease in AAD and symptoms of vegetative dystonia (VD) in 3 weeks after CE was detected; number of DE in blood was considerable reduces, and NPA was significantly increased vs. control group. Correlation analysis made possible to show that the higher AAD and VD intensity, the more frequently epithelium desquamation was detected, and percentage of phagocytes was reduced at increase in DE in blood. Use of balanced antidepressant coaxil in perioperative period in CCC patients makes possible to reduce occurrence and intensity of AAD and VD after operation, improve vascular endothelium state, increase NPA and adaptive reserves of organism.

[Gastroduodenal erosive and ulcerous lesions induced by non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs].

The article presents systematized modern data on erosive and ulcerous lesions of the gastric mucosa (GM) and the duodenal mucosa (DM) induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), on their ethiology and multifactor pathogenesis. Diagnostic and therapeutic methods are substantiated. The authors discuss debatable issues concerning the terminology of GM and DM lesions, the role played by Helicobacter pylori, and prospective preventive and therapeutic methods, and substantiate their position on debatable issues.

[Depressive syndrome in gastroenterology: diagnosis and treatment].

The article presents modern data on depressive syndrome, its prevalence and possible reasons for its growth, the role of psychoemotional stress in the development of anxiety depression (AD), as well as psychosomatic diseases and syndromes and modern views on the mechanisms of their formation. The authors discuss methods of revealing and diagnostic criteria of AD and psychosomatic diseases, including those that develop against the background of masked depression. Associations between depressive syndrome and the development of gastroenterological diseases and psychosomatic syndromes such as peptic ulcer, functional dyspepsia, irritated bowel syndromes, chronic cholecystitis, and chronic duodenal obstruction syndrome are discussed in detail. Special attention is paid to treatment of AD in gastroenterological patients using psycho- and hypnotherapy as well as psychotropic drugs such as antidepressives, anxiolytics, neuroleptics, and nootropic agents.

[Study of genetic markers of duodenal ulcer]. / Izuchenie geneticheskikh markerov iazvennoi bolezni dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki.

The results of determination of various hereditary predisposition markers in peptic ulcer are given: in the population, in patients with duodenal ulcer and in their siblings (risk group). Of importance for revealing subjects with hereditary predisposition to duodenal ulcer are the clinico-genealogical analysis, determination of the blood group, especially in simultaneous determination of a "secretory status" ("status of non-secretion" of the ABH blood system agglutinogen in the saliva), increase in the mass of parietal cells and, to some extent, of the distinguishing features of dermatoglyphics (in combination with the above markers). Determination of taste sensitivity to phenylthiocarbamide is non-informative.