Impact of respiratory infections by influenza viruses A and B in pediatrics patients from Federal University of Paraná, Brazil.

The objective of the present study was to determine the impact of influenza virus on pediatric hospitalized patients. We retrospectively reviewed records of children with laboratory diagnoses, by cell culture and/or indirect immunofluorescence assay, of influenza virus seen in a period of 6 years. A total of 1,033 samples were analyzed, 45 (4.3%) of them being reactive to influenza virus. Thirty-one samples were positive to influenza A virus and 14 to influenza B. The frequency of hospitalization in intensive care and medical emergency was found to be high. Three (8.6%) patients died, two of them due to respiratory failure. Low frequency of influenza virus infection was observed in the study. The data suggest the need of more efficient epidemiological surveillance measures in order to obtain reliable information to better assess the impact of the virus on our region and determine the need of preventive measures, such as immunization.

Impact of respiratory infections by influenza viruses A and B in pediatrics patients from Federal University of Paraná, Brazil

The objective of the present study was to determine the impact of influenza virus on pediatric hospitalized patients. We retrospectively reviewed records of children with laboratory diagnoses, by cell culture and/or indirect immunofluorescence assay, of influenza virus seen in a period of 6 years. A total of 1,033 samples were analyzed, 45 (4.3 percent) of them being reactive to influenza virus. Thirty-one samples were positive to influenza A virus and 14 to influenza B. The frequency of hospitalization in intensive care and medical emergency was found to be high. Three (8.6 percent) patients died, two of them due to respiratory failure. Low frequency of influenza virus infection was observed in the study. The data suggest the need of more efficient epidemiological surveillance measures in order to obtain reliable information to better assess the impact of the virus on our region and determine the need of preventive measures, such as immunization.

Padronizaçäo da técnica antigenemia para a detecçäo do citomegalovirus / Padronization of antigenemia metodology for detection of citomegalovirus

Antigenemia para citomegalovirus (CMV) é um importante marcador de evoluçäo de doença e eficácia de tratamento em pacientes imunocomprometidos. O objetivo desse estudo foi comparar diferentes técnicas de processamentos e de imunomarcaçäo para a detecçäo da proteína da matrix do CMV pp65 em leucócitos do sangue periférico. Amostras de sangue coletadas de pacientes submetidos ao transplante de medula óssea (TMO) foram processadas e imunomarcadas por diferentes metodologias. Separou-se leucócitos de sangue periférico, utilizando-se duas técnicas, sedimentaçäo espontânea a 37§C (Processamento 1) e a sedimentaçäo com Dextran (Processamento 2), após a lise eritrocitária procedeu-se a contagem dos leucócitos, ajuste da densidade celular e o preparo das lâminas que continham (2x10 a quinta potência) células, por citocentrifugaçäo. As lâminas, obtidas através das diferentes técnicas de processamentos, foram coradas, utilizando-se a metodologia de Imunoperoxidase (IP) e os resultados obtidos foram analisados de acordo com parâmetros qualitativos e quantitativos. Também avaliou-se duas diferentes técnicas de imunomarcaçäo: IFI Imunofluorescência Indireta) e IP onde comparou-se o número de células positivas. Obteve-se lâminas de melhor qualidade pelo processamento 1 e um maior número de célu;as positivas com técnica de IP

[Immunocytochemical analysis of the inflammatory infiltrate in inclusion body myositis and other neuromuscular disorders with rimmed vacuoles]. / Análise imunocitoquímica do infiltrado inflamatório na miosite com corpos de inclusão citoplasmática e em outras doenças neuromusculares com vacúolos marginados.

Among 1400 muscle biopsies, we found 16 cases with rimmed vacuoles whose diagnosis were sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM) (4 cases), juvenile spinal muscular atrophy (6 cases), distal myopathies (3 cases), limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (2 cases), and peripheral neuropathy (1 case). Monoclonal antibodies reactive for T lymphocytes and subsets, B lymphocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells, immunoglobulins, and complement were used to analyze the inflammatory infiltrate. The analysis was quantitative and according to the site of accumulation (interstitial, endomysial, and perivascular). The immunocytochemical analysis showed CD8+ lymphocytes in the interstitial in most cases, occasionally inside of muscle fibers, and rarely in the perivascular region. The IBM cases had an increased number of CD8+ lymphocytes comparing with the other diseases. CD8+/CD4+ ratio was increased in IBM compared with the other diseases. Macrophages were frequent in IBM, distal myopathy, and one case of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. Natural killer cells were frequent at interstitial.

[Alkylation of delta 6-octalone-1]. / Sull'alchilazione del delta6-ottalone-1.

In connection with the synthesis of shwarone (II), a sesquiterpinoid with interesting pharmacological properties, some results on the alkylation in the 9-position of the model substance delta6-octalone-1 (VI) are reported. Methylation, especially if carried out in polar aprotic solvents, gives mainly the trans derivative, this being the type needed for synthesis of compound (II); alkylation with allylbromides and propargyl gives mainly the cis isomer.