RESUMO
Pilomyxoid astrocytoma (PMA) is a recently recognised World Health Organization (WHO) Grade II tumour that was previously characterised as a subtype of the WHO Grade I pilocytic astrocytoma (PA). PMA has a histological appearance distinct from PA and a poorer prognosis due to its greater propensity for local recurrence and cerebrospinal dissemination. Although originally considered a paediatric tumour involving mainly the hypothalamic and chiasmatic region, reports of the lesion occurring in the adult population and other areas of the neuroaxis are emerging. We review the literature on PMA within the adult population and present the first case of PMA in the cerebellum of an adult female.
Assuntos
Astrocitoma/patologia , Astrocitoma/cirurgia , Neoplasias Cerebelares/patologia , Neoplasias Cerebelares/cirurgia , Fossa Craniana Posterior/cirurgia , Craniotomia , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos , Prognóstico , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Neuroenteric cysts (NC) are rare, benign lesions lined by mucin-secreting cuboidal or columnar epithelium of an intestinal or respiratory type. They are regarded as ectopic endodermal cysts, and tend to be found in the spine rather than an intracranial location. Advances in neuroimaging have led to an increased frequency of diagnosis of NC, especially as an incidental finding, although such cysts may be confused radiologically with other lesions such as epidermoid and arachnoid cysts. We undertook a PubMed search of the literature using the search terms "neuroenteric cyst" and its many pseudonyms, including "endodermal cyst", "enterogenous cyst", "neurenteric cyst", "epithelial cyst", "intestinome", "teratomatous cyst", "gastrocytoma", and also "enterogenic", "foregut", "respiratory", and "bronchogenic cyst". Only reports in English and those containing histopathologically-confirmed NC were considered for this review. In total, 140 patients with intracranial NC were found, including the patient reported in the present review. This review describes the classification, epidemiology, embryology, clinical presentation, radiology, histopathology, and surgical treatment of NC, and includes an illustrative patient.
Assuntos
Encefalopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Encefalopatias/terapia , Defeitos do Tubo Neural/diagnóstico por imagem , Defeitos do Tubo Neural/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Encefalopatias/diagnóstico , Encefalopatias/epidemiologia , Encefalopatias/patologia , Encefalopatias/cirurgia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Cefaleia/etiologia , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Defeitos do Tubo Neural/diagnóstico , Defeitos do Tubo Neural/epidemiologia , Defeitos do Tubo Neural/patologia , Defeitos do Tubo Neural/cirurgia , Neuroimagem , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Primary small cell carcinoma (SmCC) of the breast is very rare and may be difficult to distinguish from metastatic small cell carcinoma. Confident histopathological diagnosis of a primary breast SmCC requires the demonstration of an in situ component. We report a case of primary small cell carcinoma of the breast with coexisting carcinoma in situ in which the invasive carcinoma and in situ component both expressed neuroendocrine markers and Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) by immunohistochemistry. Expression of neuroendocrine markers and TTF-1 in the in situ component allowed a highly confident diagnosis of primary small cell carcinoma of the breast. To our knowledge there is only one previous report of TTF-1 expressing in situ carcinoma associated with a primary SmCC of the breast.
