[Digital twins in surgery: achievements and limitations]. / Tsifrovye dvoiniki v khirurgii: dostizheniya i ogranicheniya.

OBJECTIVE: To review the possible options for digital twin technology in surgery, as well as to build a patent and publication landscape for identifying technological and academic leaders of the frontier. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Scientometric and patent analysis was performed. RESULTS: Possible options for digital twin technology in surgical practice were reviewed. Development of scientific and technological trend «digital twins in surgery¼ in the world was assessed (2002 - idea, concept, definition; 2007-2014 - large-scale studies in academic sector; 2014 - active participation of regulators in translation of pilot digital models of patient organs into practical healthcare; 2014-2017 - large-scale studies in business sector; 2018-2021 - development of a market of medical services based on digital twin technologies in surgery). According to scientometric and patent analysis of digital twins in surgery, there is no a single Russian-language article on to this issue in journals indexed in WOS at the end of 2021. Our country ranks the 23rd in the world regarding its share in the total number of patent applications for inventions. CONCLUSION: Over a 20-year period, large-scale scientific projects have been carried out in the world to develop digital twin algorithms for surgery. Regulators were involved in the process of broadcasting their results into practical health care. Network interaction of all authors and beneficiaries of technological frontier occurred (research centers, hospitals, companies, manufacturers of medical equipment and information services). Technological ecosystems developed (startups, gazelles, investment seed capital). Technological leaders and key players in new market niches have been identified. Development of this field is insufficient in the Russian Federation. There are no qualified customers and companies in the real sector of economy that could become the beneficiaries of the frontier.

[Achieving global academic leadership: an analysis of the highly cited segment of surgery publications]. / Dostizhenie mirovogo akademicheskogo liderstva: analiz naibolee chasto tsitiruemogo segmenta publikatsii po khirurgii.

In the Strategic Academic Leadership Program, the number of publications included in the 1% of the most cited ones in the Web of Science Core Collection database over previous 10 full years is used as an indicator of research potential of universities and scientific centers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the segment of Highly Cited Papers and Hot Papers on surgery using the Essential Science Indicators (ESI) analytical application. According to ESI data, relevant for March 2020, highly cited publications on medicine have formed 2.425 research fronts including 211 ones in surgery. We have analyzed the directions of researches in surgery characterized by the greatest number of citations.

[Analysis of the internationalized highly cited segment of national surgery publications]. / Analiz internatsionalizirovannogo vysokotsitiruemogo segmenta otechestvennykh publikatsii po khirurgii.

The internationalized segment of manuscripts on surgery published in top-rated journals indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS CC) was analyzed. Presence of national publications in surgical journals of different quartiles was estimated. It was shown that 59.6% of surgical articles of Russian authors, indexed in the WoS CC, were published in high-ranking journals (Q1 and Q2). The number of such articles has been increased by more than 3 times (from 23 in 2010 to 86 in 2018) on the background of no growth in the fourth quartile. We formed a rating of national educational and academic organizations, which have made the greatest contribution to a portfolio of publications on surgery, indexed in Q1-Q2 quartiles of WoS CC, as well as in the segment of highly cited publications.

[Evaluating justification of choice for priority directions in the field of biomedicine in the national project 'SCIENCE']. / Otsenka obosnovannosti vybora prioritetnykh napravlenii v oblasti biomeditsiny v natsional'nom proekte 'NAUKA'.

The purpose of the present research was to analyze the validity of the choice for biomedical disciplines fixed by the passport of the national project 'Science' for the following priority of the Strategy for the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation: 'the transition to personalized medicine, high-tech medical care and health saving technologies ...'. We assessed the degree of relevance of this choice to great challenges facing the Russian Federation, as well as trends in the development of global biomedicine. The hypothesis of this study was the assumption that when determining priority areas it is necessary to proceed from the analysis and comparison of two arrays: the list of nosologies which account for the maximum morbidity, mortality, disability level of, primarily, the able-bodied population of Russia, and scientometric data identifying trends in the development of global biomedicine.

[Estimation of the place of the Russian Federation in the world publication activity ranking on priority trends in biomedicine]. / Otsenka pozitsii Rossiiskoi Federatsii v mirovom reitinge publikatsionnoi aktivnosti po prioritetnym napravleniiam v oblasti biomeditsiny.

During 2012-2018 in the Russian Federation, pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 599 of 05.07.2012, a set of state support measures was implemented aimed at increasing the specific gravity of Russian publications indexed in international databases. The national project 'Science' (NPS) designed to realize the goals set by Presidential Decree No.204 of 05.07.2018 'On the National Goals and Strategic Tasks for Development of the Russian Federation until 2024' continues and develops the theme of increasing the publication activity of the Russian Federation in the internationalized space. One of the six NPS targets is 'The place of the Russian Federation in terms of specific gravity in the total number of articles in areas defined by the priorities of scientific and technological development in publications indexed in international databases'. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the basic value of this indicator for biomedical disciplines related to the priority direction (paragraph 20c) of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation. We compared volumes of publication flows of the Russian Federation in 20 biomedical disciplines with a similar indicator of countries ranked fifth in the number of publications on the subject area under consideration, indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS CC). A 5-10 fold lag of the Russian Federation was recorded for the most part of the priority areas in the field of biomedicine identified by the NTS passport. The impact of public policy measures aimed at increasing the national biomedical publication stream for the period of 2012-2018 was estimated as insufficient to meet the considered NTS target.

[The Tobacco Smoking of Pregnant Women: the Role of Psycho-Social Factors].

The tobacco smoking of women during pregnancy and breast feeding represents a significant danger to public health. During pregnancy, the WHO recommends to abstain from cigarettes smoking. In spite of extensive information concerning related to smoking dangers to health of women and fetus, certain females continue to smoke during all pregnancy. The purpose of review is to identify and systematize existing data concerning prevalence, factors and modes of prevention tobacco smoking among pregnant females. In Russia, prevalence of tobacco smoking is at the level of highest European indices though in-land territorial differences are observed. The psycho-social factors significantly contribute to prevalence of smoking among pregnant women. The main social factors of tobacco smoking of pregnant women are low social economic status, unplanned pregnancy, smoking of representatives of the closest social environment (members of family and husband). The leading psychological factors effecting on success of smoking women to quit are psychological well-being, supporting relationship with significant others, high perceptible risks of smoking.

[THE SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF CONCEPTIONS CONCERNING OF ALCOHOL USING DURING PREGNANCY].

The article considers experience of application of focus-group technique for both analyzing social psychological conceptions about harm of alcohol consumption during pregnancy and development of prevention programs concerning fetal alcoholic syndrome, an incurable children disease developing because of mother's consumption of alcohol during her pregnancy. The development of preventive program is possible only on the basis the study results allowing getting reliable information about existing in different population groups (first of all in pregnant women, women of childbearing age and medical workers) attitudes concerning alcohol consumption during pregnancy and factors effecting decrease or stopping alcohol consumption by pregnant women as well. The study was carried out involving 7 focus groups: three with physicians (n=23) and four with women (n=23) and their husbands (n=5). The protocols of focus groups were analyzed using software A TLAS-ti 5.0. The most typical attitudes concerning alcohol consumption during pregnancy were established. It was discovered that neither women nor physicians have no essential knowledge about effect of alcohol on fetus and about fetal alcoholic syndrome.

[The problems of expertise of biomedical projects and assigning them status of breakthrough and world-class].

There was a sharp increase in the number of scientific fields, research fronts, publications and patents in biomedicine in the last five years, which complicates the work of the experts on the selection of projects for priority funding. The approaches to the identification of perspective directions of research used in the world were examined. An attempt was made of formalization of the concepts of "breakthrough research" and "world level research" in relation to the Russian biomedical projects. The rationale for information support of expert decision-making about the prospects of development of individual areas of research in biomedicine is outlined.

[Evaluation of possibility of using new financial instruments for supporting biomedical projects].

Analysis of selection criteria on projects of Russian medical research centers for funding in Russian scientific fund and Federal program "Research and innovations" was done. It was noted that a high degree of uncertainty of such concepts as "priority direction", "applied" and "search" research and "industrial partner" in regards to research of biomedical theme. Analysis of classified "Medicine and health care" "Forecast of scientific-technological development of Russian Federation till 2030 year" were completed.

[A study of scientific output of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences in 2011 and its qualitative and quantitative growth prospects (in concordance with official indicators and policy targets)].

The scope of bibliometric research is focused on academic output of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS) in 2011 by analyzing the data extracted from the Web of Science database and InCites application Research Performance Profile of RAMS. Using these analytical tools trends in dynamics of publications and citing of the RAMS researchers were calculated and the level of scientific output in some biomedical subject areas was estimated. Studies revealed the great importance of international collaboration and international coauthorship for RAMS in producing papers published in established scholarly journals. Basic metrics of scientific performance that should be required to achieve the goals declared in the recent governmental policy papers were measured for RAMS institutions as well. Another problem investigated in this research is the problem of low citedness ofRAMS journal papers indexed in WoS. Factors and reasons influenced on low citedness were discovered In conclusion authors set out priorities and reasonable goal-oriented efforts to achieve better results in publication activity.

[Publication activity of the Russian medicine in focus of national science policy: estimating the feasibility of policy targets].

A comprehensive review of National research policy papers issued over the past 6 years was carried out. A set of problems concerning the quality of predicted values of some bibliometric indicators reflecting the level of research performance and publication activity that were declared in governmental documents was discussed. Basic metrics of scientific performance that should be required to achieve the goals declared in the recent governmental policy papers including President's Executive Order No 599 of May 7, 2012 (increasing the share of Russian researchers' publications in the total number of publications in international scientific journals indexed in the Web of Science up to 2.44% in 2015). Taking into account the current structure of modern global science in which papers in biomedical subjects make up for approximately one third of the total world scientific output, it becomes obvious how difficult is the governmental task set up to the researchers--to double the number of journal publications indexed in Web of Science in the short-term period of the nearest three years. The priorities and reasonable goal-oriented efforts to meet the targets are proposed in the paper.

[The representation of scientific publications of RAMS in WEB of science: evaluation of current indicators and prospects of their increasing].

The contribution scientific publications of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS) in the national publication stream, indexed by Web of Science over the past thirty years, was estimated. The indicators of publication activity that are necessary for the institutions of RAMS to achieve in short-term period the conformity with bibliometric indicators, established by Presidential Decree of May 7, 2012 (to increase the share of Russian publications in Web of Science to 2.44% in 2015) were calculated. It is shown that the current structure of global science, where publications in medicine make up for approximately one third of scientific publications in the world, set for RAMS scientists particularly difficult task: to double in three years the number of publications in Web of Sci. In the article are proposed the priorities and the necessary steps to fulfill this task.

[World level of competitiveness of national researches in the field of clinical medicine].

There is proposed formalization of concepts ,world research levelb and "leading scientific technological directions" of global science used in program documents which define main trends of reformation of Russian science. Use of bibliographic index as an example of "normalized citation in related area" for analyzing various subject areas for Russian clinic medicine it was shown that there is a different correlation of some areas of some national subject areas to their world levels. It was noted that it's necessary to develop national methodology of Russian science audit considering its national aspect which is a real problem while application world-acclaimed methods.