Cases of the staff unaccounted exposure during the construction of the protective shell for a new confinement at the ChNPP site. / VYPADKY NEVRAKhOVANOGO OPROMINENNIa PERSONALU PRY SPORUDZhENNI ZAKhYSNOGO KONTURU NOVOGO KONFAY̆NMENTU V ZONI DSP ChAES.

OBJECTIVE: cytogenetic control of the staff radiation exposure level during the construction of the protective shell for a new confinement at the ChNPP site. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cytogenetic examination was carried out for 32 staff persons from the contracting organ izations involved into construction of the protective shell for a new confinement. Additionally, for the goal of com parison, 28 persons who did not have professional contacts with the radiation factors were inspected. The analyti cal method of the aberrations on preparations of uniformly stained chromosomes of the peripheral blood lympho cytes has been used. The frequency has been determined for the dicentrics and centric rings with an accompanying pair fragment for 100 analyzed metaphases. The staff chronic exposure absorbed doses are estimated by means of the linear part of the linear quadratic equations, which describe the calibration dose dependence of the unstable chromosomal exchanges yield in the acute irradiated blood samples in vitro. RESULTS: Six staff persons from 32 investigated ones have the individual frequency of the recent exposure specific markers (unstable chromosomal exchanges with accompanying pair fragments) significantly higher than those for the comparison group and the population average spontaneous level. It indicates on the possibility of their exces sive irradiation during the work execution in the ChNPP zone. Single cells with two chromosomal exchanges were registered for three persons, while such cells were absent in the comparison group. This is the result of the incorpo ration of radionuclides, which are available in the air at the workplaces. The calculated averaged individual absorbed doses caused by the recent exposure of six staff persons lies in the range from 102.5 to 371.0 mGy. CONCLUSION: The doses calculated from the frequency of unstable chromosomal exchanges with the accompanying pair fragment caused by the recent exposure of six staff persons are exceeding significantly the doses determined by the methods of physical dosimetry and the occupational exposure dose limits.

Cytogenetic indices in blood lymphocites of individuals from the staff working on new confinement buildining in Chornobyl NPP zone. / Cytogenetychni pokaznyky v limfocytah krovi grupy osib iz personalu, jakyj vykonuje roboty z budivnyctva novogo konfajnmentu v zoni ChAES.

Objective. Сytogenetic indication of possible exposure of contracting staff individuals, performing work on dismantling the ventilation pipe of "Shelter" object of Chornobyl NPP (ShO). Materials and methods. Cytogenetic examination of 12 individuals among the employees of contractors performing work on dismantling the ventilation pipe of ShO was provided. For comparison individuals who had no contact with the radiation factors for the profession activity were examined. Routine analysis method of uniformly stained chromosomes of peripheral blood lymphocytes was used. 11 388 metaphase plates were analyzed. Results. In contracting staff mean group frequency of aberrant lymphocytes, chromosome (dicentrics, acentrics, abnormal monocentrics) and chromatide type aberrations is significantly higher than such frequency in the comparison group. Three staff persons had individual frequency of specific markers of exposure - dicentric chromosomes with accompanying fragments significantly higher than their mean population level and the average frequency in the comparison group. It indicates the probability of their excess radiation when working in Chornobyl NPP local zone. Cells with two chromosome exchanges and one multiaberrant cell were registered in staff with the absence of such in control persons. The calculated estimated radiation doses of two staff persons were 87-123 mGy and and one person 210-240 mGy of acute exposure respectively. Conclusion. Calculated by frequency of dicentric chromosomes tentative "biological" doses of three staff persons show a more significant radiation effect comparing to the data of physical dosimetry.

[Cytogenetic effects in blood lymphocytes of Slavutich residents having no occupational contact with ionizing radiation]. / Tsitogeneticheskie éffekty v limfotsitakh perifericheskoi krovi g. Slavutich, ne imeiushchikh professional'nogo kontakta s ioniziruiushchim izlucheniem.

A comparative cytogenetic examination of the groups of Slavutich and Kiev residents having no occupational contact with ionizing radiation was conducted. It was found a significantly higher chromosome aberration frequency in blood lymphocytes of Slavutich residents (including unstable exchanges--2.5-fold) caused by internal irradiation at the expense of local food stuff consuming. It was revealed no relationship between cytogenetic aberration frequency and initial settling time in Slavutich.

[Dynamic study of the cytogenetic effects in blood lymphocytes from humans living in the Chernobyl Atomic Energy Station exclusion zone without permission]. / Dinamicheskoe issledovanie tsitogeneticheskikh éffektov v limfotsitakh krovi liudei, nesanktsionirovanno prozhivaiuschikh v zone otchuzhdeniia Chernobyl'skoi AES.

The cytogenetic examination of a group of people, self-residing in ChNPP Exclusion Zone with soil contamination density 137Cs 74-477 kBq/m2, 90Sr 33-289 kBq/m2, 238, 239 + 240Pu 1.5-10.0 kBq/m2, was conducted in 1998-1999 and also 2001. It is shown, that after 12-15 years of the accident the level of chromosome damages in Zone self-residents' lymphocytes detected by a routine analysis is higher then at the residents of control Yagotin district, Kiev region and comes to a plateau. Lymphocytes with multiple chromosome damages are detected. The probability of its transuranium elements induction which are present in the Zone is discussed at present.

[Psychophysiological traits of personality and the specific features of heart rhythm regulation under the influence of occupational activities]. / Psikhofiziologicheskie svoistva lichnosti i osobennosti reguliatsii serdechnogo ritma pod vliianiem trudovoi deiatel'nosti.

The paper presents the results of experimental instrumental studies of the psychophysiological features of regulatory properties of the nervous system under the influence of emergency factors. The investigations were made in the students of a navigation college before and after at least 6-month navigation on board the transport ship. Whether there is an association of adaptive behavioral responses with cardiac rhythm regulation under the influence of occupational activities was studied.

[The effect of natural immunomodulators on the lymphocytic natural killer activity in patients with malignant lymphoproliferative diseases]. / Vliianie prirodnykh immunomoduliatorov na estestvennuiu killernuiu aktivnost' limfotsitov bol'nykh zlokachestvennymi limfoproliferativnymi zabolevaniiami.

The conducted investigations showed an apparent immunomodulating action of the studied natural preparations on natural resistance of patients with malignant lymphomas. The modulation effect was the greatest in patients taking esberitox during remission and while receiving radiotherapy. Administration of Ney Tumorin to patients with lymphogranulomatosis during remission appeared to be associated with substantial increase in the content of large granular lymphocytes and level of natural killer activity (almost two--fold) immediately after the end of the treatment and this tendency was to be still seen one--two months later. Pirogenal had marked stimulatory effect on natural resistance of patients with granulomatosis in the postradiation period. The studied preparations were not associated with side effects. General condition improved after their administration, as per subjective experience.

[The natural body resistance of the inhabitants of the city of Kiev subsequent to the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station]. / Estestvennaia rezistentnost' organizma zhiteli g. Kieva vsledstvie avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES.

A study carried out among residents of the city of Kiev indicates that combined chronic radiation after the Chernobyl accident in small doses resulted in a reduction of the natural killer activity level, decrease of the number of leucocytes, lymphocytes and in their qualitative disorders. With time after the Chernobyl accident there occurred a deterioration of the above values.

[Changes in cytotoxicity of natural killer cells and level of large granule-containing lymphocytes in patients with lung cancer under the effects of cryosurgery]. / Izmenenie tsitotoksichnosti estestvennykh killerov i urovnia bol'shikh granulosoderzhashchikh limfotsitov u bol'nykh rakom legkogo pod vliianiem kriokhirurgii.

The parallel study of the content of large granule-containing lymphocytes (LGL) and natural killer activity (NKA) in donors, patients with benign tumors in the lungs and bronchial or pulmonary cancer in operative intervention and combined cryosurgical treatment was carried out. The stimulating effect of cryodestruction of malignant tumors with their subsequent spontaneous thawing on LGL content and NKA in patients was established. Administration of prodigiosan immunomodulator contributed to increase in natural resistance of an organism of the patients. The positive correlation of NKA and LGL content was noted.

[The count of the large granule-containing lymphocytes of the peripheral blood and the natural killer activity in patients with malignant tumors]. / Kolichestvo bol'shikh granulosoderzhashchikh limfotsitov perifericheskoi krovi i estestvennaia killernaia aktivnost' u bol'nykh zlokachestvennymi opukholiami.

The authors investigated the quantity of large granule-containing lymphocytes and natural killer activity in donors, in patients with malignant and benign diseases of the lungs, mammary gland and digestive tract at admission to the hospital; 234 examinations were carried out. Results of the investigation revealed an inhibition of the natural resistance in patients with diseases of the mammary gland, lungs, digestive tract. A positive correlation has been revealed between the natural killer activity and content of large granule-containing lymphocytes in donors and in patients at admission.

[The natural killer cell activity and count of large granule-containing lymphocytes in the blood of patients with malignant lymphomas]. / Aktivnost' estestvennykh killernykh kletok i kolichestva bol'shikh granulosoderzhashchikh limfotsitov v krovi bol'nykh zlokachestvennymi limfomami.

The authors investigated the natural killer activity and number of large granule-containing lymphocytes (LGL) in donors, in the blood of patients with reactive lymphadenitis, lymphogranulomatosis and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Patients with lymphomas and lymphogranulomatosis were subdivided in groups depending on the morphological variant and stage of the disease, length of remission. Results of the study allowed to establish disorders of the natural antitumour resistance in patients with malignant lymphomas, its dependence on histological verification, stage of the process, morphological variant. A positive correlation was obtained between natural killer activity and content of LGL in donors and in patients with malignant lymphomas during first admission, prolonged stable remission and recurrences.

[Modification of the effect of fast neutrons in an experiment and in radiation practice]. / Modifikatsiia éffekta bystrykh neitronov v éksperimente i luchevoi praktike.

The data are obtained indicating that it is possible to increase the cytogenetic effects of 6 MeV neutrons by the additional effect of hyperthermia and caffeine. A combination of gamma rays and neutrons produced a superadditive effect, in estimating the level of chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes, and in radiation practice when estimating the degree of tumor regression. It is suggested that a different mechanism is involved in the formation of chromosome aberrations after the combined effect of gamma and neutron radiation.