RESUMO
In order to investigate the competitive psychology of college students in the current context of fierce social competition, this study compiled a competition psychology scale for college students [i.e., the Competition Psychology Scale for College Students (CPS-CS)]. The scale was administered online to 628 university students in different regions of China. After item analysis, reliability analysis, and validity analysis, a 6-item scale was finally formed. CPS-CS contains four dimensions: hypercompetitive attitude, competitive motivation, personal development, competitive attitude, and competitive interpersonal relationships. The reliability and validity of the CPS-CS developed in this research meet the requirements of psychometrics.
RESUMO
Nepeta hemsleyana Oliver ex Prain (1891) is one of the aromatic Tibetan herbs used to treat convulsions. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of N. hemsleyana was analyzed and is presented here for the first time. The assembled genome, 152,171 bp in length, contained a large single-copy region (82,214 bp) and a small single-copy region (17,605 bp) separated by a pair of inverted repeats (25,676 bp). A total of 131 genes were identified, including 86 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA genes, and eight ribosomal RNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis also confirmed the early divergence of N. hemsleyana from other species in subtribe Nepetinae.
RESUMO
A widely observed pollinator decline around the world has led to the prediction that terrestrial ecosystems could be disrupted as plant pollination suffers, but declining pollination success has not been tested rigorously in wild plants, and it still remains unclear how pollination success of plant species responds differently in the context of pollinator decline. By viewing the number of seeds per pod as a quantitative measure of successful pollination, we examined seed pods in 4637 herbarium specimens of 109 obligately outcrossing legumes collected over the past century. We found that only 13 species showed significant temporal change with nine of those as an increase. None of the three subfamilies of legumes showed a consistent trend, and the subfamily Papilionoideae with the most specialized flowers, had increasing seed number per pod more often than decreasing. We conclude that legume pollination in China shows no sign of disruption and the effects of plant-pollinator disruption may be more complicated than simplistic predictions have allowed.
