RESUMO
Most non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's) have similar absorption and disposition characteristics. Absorption after oral administration is good, extensive plasma protein binding results in a small volume of distribution, and excretion of metabolites occurs mainly in the urine after hepatic biotransformation of the active drug. The main clinical indications for use of NSAID's are anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, and an increasing list of new indications are continually being found. The disposition, pharmacokinetics and clinical indications of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in domestic animals are reviewed.
Assuntos
Animais Domésticos , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacocinética , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Animais , Embolia/tratamento farmacológico , Embolia/veterinária , Tromboflebite/tratamento farmacológico , Tromboflebite/veterinária , Trombose/tratamento farmacológico , Trombose/veterináriaRESUMO
Digoxin was administered to dogs (n = 10) in congestive heart failure, at an oral dosage rate of 0.01 mg kg-1 lean body mass twice daily. Lean body mass was determined by reducing gross mass by the estimated degree of ascites and body fat. The dose was further adjusted for factors such as renal and hepatic function, the bioavailability of different formulations, and the size of the patient. Trough and peak serum digoxin concentrations were determined after 10 days of digitalisation, or when signs of toxicity became apparent. Serum digoxin concentrations in 6 of the 10 dogs were found to be partially or completely in the toxic or subtherapeutic range. This indicates that an oral digoxin dosage rate of 0.01 mg kg-1 lean body mass administered twice daily, even when adjusted appropriately for factors that affect digoxin pharmacokinetics, provides no more than a rough approximation of the precise dose required to provide serum digoxin concentrations within the therapeutic range. The observations also lend support to a recent recommendation that the digoxin dosage rate should be based on body surface area, although even when administered on this basis, serum digoxin concentrations outside of the therapeutic range could be anticipated.