RESUMO
Sixty-eight Saudi children, 17 to 19 months of age, were enrolled in a study to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of Hemophilus influenzae type B capsular polysaccharide diphtheria toxoid (PRP-D) conjugate vaccine. Adverse reactions to the vaccine were determined through a questionnaire administered to the parents. Local and systemic reactions to the vaccine were mild and resolved within 24 to 48 hours. PRP antibody levels were measured prior to and one to two months following immunization. PRP antibody levels in the pre-immunization sera of 77% of subjects were below the level associated with immediate protection (>/=0.15 microg/ml), and 88% were below the level associated with long-term protection (>/=1 microg/ml) from Hemophilus influenzae type B (HIB) disease. After one dose of PRP-D vaccine, 100% of recipients achieved antibody levels of >/=0.15 microg/ml, and 85% achieved levels of >/=1 microg/ml. The geometric mean level of antibody after immunization (5.66 microg/ml) was significantly higher than that before immunization (0.098 microg/ml). All subjects had a twofold or greater increase in antibody level in response to the vaccine. We conclude that PRP-D is a safe and highly immunogenic vaccine in this age group of Saudi children.
RESUMO
A total of 34, 856 stool specimens from 19, 437 patients with symptoms of gastroenteritis were analyzed for bacterial enteropathogens during the period of January 1, 1985, to December 31, 1989, at a major tertiary care referral hospital in Saudi Arabia. Bacterial pathogens were isolate from 1426 (7.3%) patients, with Salmonella being the most frequent (3.8%), followed by Campylobacter (2.0%), Shigella (1.1%), and Aeromonas hydrophila (0.34%). Salmonella serogroups B and C and Shigella B and D constituted the majority of isolates in these two groups. Major clinical symptoms associated with bacterial gastroenteritis included mild to moderate diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, tenesmus, vomiting, fever, and dehydration. Bloody diarrhea was more common in patients with shigellosis (32%) than in those infected with other bacteria. Stool specimens from 80% of the patients with Shigella gastroenteritis had leukocytes, compared with about 40% of the patients with Salmonella or Campylobacter.
RESUMO
A series of nine infants, 2-8 months of age, with a history of animal or vegetable fat intake within 10 days after birth, is presented. The infants developed respiratory problems and failure to thrive. Plain films and computed tomography showed areas of consolidation in the medial-posterior parts of the lungs. The areas of consolidation showed three types of changes at computed tomography. Attenuation measurements did not reveal fat. To establish the diagnosis, fine needle aspiration biopsy, tru-cut biopsy and/or open lung biopsy was done in eight infants and bronchopulmonary lavage in one patient. The pathological findings were an intense lymphocytic infiltration with scattered granulomas which contained lipid deposit.
