A review of carotid cavernous fistula including diagnosis and evaluation by nuclear medicine angiography.

The various causes and differential diagnosis of carotid cavernous fistula are discussed as well as the description of the use of radionuclide angiography in the diagnosis and evaluation of patients with carotid cavernous fistulas. Radionuclide angiography has proven extremely useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with carotid cavernous fistulas. The procedure is of maximum benefit in situations where repeat studies are required at frequent intervals. Five cases are described in which the nuclear medicine technique was instrumental in primary diagnosis and follow-up.

Retrorectal herniation of the sigmoid colon: report of a case.

A rare retrorectal hernia of the sigmoid colon associated with diverticulitis and a presacral abscess is reported. The anatomy of the retrorectal space is reviewed. The value of routine lateral fluoroscopy and overhead films is emphasized.