[A method for the primary selection of immunomodulators by the level of 5'-nucleotidase activity in the macrophages of peritoneal exudate]. / Sposob pervichnogo otbora immunomoduliatorov po urovniu aktivnosti 5'-nukleotidazy makrofagov peritoneal'nogo ékssudata.

A method of primary selection of immunomodulators based on measuring of ecto 5'-nucleotidase activity level of macrophages of peritoneal exudate was developed. Immunostimulators were found to decrease the activity level, while immunosuppressors increased the activity. The preparations having no immunomodulatory effect do not change the activity of this enzyme.

[Immunomodulating properties of phospholipids]. / Izuchenie immunomoduliruiushchikh svoistv fosfolipidov.

Immunomodulating properties of glycerophospholipids were studied. Both phosphatidyl ethanolamines and phosphatidyl cholines exhibited similar immunostimulating effects.

[Effects of D-penicillamine on the ultrastructure of hepatocytes and state of the base substance in the liver of rats with experimental cirrhosis]. / Vliianie D-penitsillamina na ul'trastrukturu gepatotsitov i sostoianie osnovnogo veshchestva v pecheni krys pri éksperimental'nom tsirroze.

The authors examined the action of D-penicillamine on the ultrastructure of hepatocytes and the condition of the base substance in the rat's liver, with experimental CCl4-cirrhosis. (D-penicillamine was given to these rats during 4 and 6 months). It was discovered that the using of D-penicillamine on the early stages of experiment (until 4 months) reduced the process of the development of the liver cirrhosis. This fact was confirmed by the reducing of the level of base substance in the liver and reducing of the quantity of collagen in the Disse space, as well as by the absence of fibres in the intercellular spaces near sinusoid. When the D-penicillamine was given longer the increasing of the beta-NAG activity with simultaneous severe reducing of the GAG and destruction of hepatocyte's organelles in the experimental rat to the 6 months of experiment were observed. The authors consider that these data are the evidence of the negative effect of the long using of D-penicillamine in the stage of decompensated cirrhosis of the liver.

[Effect of mytilan, a polysaccharide from Crenomytilus grayanus, on the functional activity of peritoneal macrophages]. / Vliianie mitilana--polisakharida iz midii Crenomytilus grayanus--na funktsional'nuiu aktivnost' peritoneal'nykh makrofagov.

The studies showed that mytilan, a polysaccharide from Crenomytilus grayanus had a marked activating effect on macrophages evident from respective morphological changes and increased metabolic and functional activity of the macrophages. Exposure to mytilan resulted in an increase in the number of the macrophages and their size (optic microscopy), changes in their surface (scanning microscopy) and ultrastructural reconstruction of the cells (light microscopy). It was shown that subcutaneous and intraperitoneal administration of mytilan defined a decrease in the activity of 5'-nucleotidase in the macrophages of the peritoneal exudate from ++noninbred mice and mice CBA. Moreover, under the influence of mytilan the macrophage phagocytic activity against E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and P. vulgaris increased in vivo and in vitro.

[Differences in the receptor apparatus of resident and meat-peptone broth-stimulated macrophage populations detectable under the action of salmozan]. / Razlichiia v retseptornom apparate rezidentnykh i MPB-stimulirovannykh populiatsii makrofagov, vyiavliaemye pod vozdeistviem sal'mozana.

The degree of expression of lectin-like receptors in resident (RPM) and peptone-elicited peritoneal macrophages (PE-PM) using salmozan as polysaccharide was investigated. Obtained results allow to suppose that salmozan screens lectin-like receptors in macrophages and SRBC. The salmozan screening of lectin-like receptors in macrophages and SRBC resulted in decrease of SRBC uptake level in RPM-subpopulation but did not alter it in PE-PM-subpopulation. The same effect was occurred with the intensified erythrocyte loading of this macrophage subpopulations. It is suggested that one of the functional differences of studied macrophage subpopulation consists in the largest expression of lectin-like receptors in RPM-subpopulation.

[31P-NMR spectroscopy of the human liver and bile]. / 31P-IaMR spektroskopiia pecheni i zhelchi cheloveka.

High-resolution 31P-NMR is used for the estimation of phosphate-containing compounds levels in native bile of healthy subjects and patients with primary biliary liver cirrhosis and also in the liver biopsies of patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis. The results demonstrate the possibilities of rapid comparative estimation of the content of main phosphate-containing compounds in human bile and liver biopsies aimed at clinical diagnosis of liver and bile duct diseases.

[Regulation of cell function in the macrophagal phagocytic system with salmozan]. / Reguliatsiia funktsii kletok mononuklearnoi fagotsitiruiushchei sistemy sal'mozanom.

Salmozan has been shown to bring about changes in the phagocytic function of peritoneal macrophages, to produce a labilizing effect on the state of lysosomal membranes and to enhance the intensity of protein synthesis in peritoneal macrophages. The presence of relationship between the functional activity of the cells of the macrophagal phagocytic system, the resistance of the body to infections and the capacity for response to an antigenic stimulus has been revealed. The character of changes observed in this investigation has been found to depend on the interval between the injection of salmozan and the injection of sheep red blood cells or challenge with Listeria. The differences in the functional activity of the cells of the macrophagal phagocytic system, appearing under the influence of salmozan, can be attriduted to the action of this immunomodulating agent on various populations of peritoneal macrophages.

[Immunomodulating properties of salmozan and its effect on the functional activity of macrophages]. / Immunomoduliruiushchie svoistva sal'mozana i ego vliianie na funktsional'nuiu aktivnost' makrofaga.

The effect of salmozan on the resistance of mice to Listeria monocytogenes infection, the formation of delayed hypersensitivity (DH) to sheep red blood cells in the animals, as well as changes in some functional activity characteristics of macrophages have been studied. The study has revealed that salmozan enhances anti-infectious resistance, suppresses the dermal manifestations of DH, and decreases the level of 5'-nucleotidase in peritoneal macrophages, stimulating their phagocytic activity. The intensity of the drug action depends on the time of its administration. The most pronounced immunomodulating action and maximal changes in the function of macrophages have been registered simultaneously after the treatment of the animals with salmozan.

[Metabolic changes in the peritoneal macrophages of mice differing in the H-2 locus of histocompatibility after intraperitoneal administration of salmozan]. / Izuchenie metabolicheskikh izmenenii v peritoneal'nykh makrofagakh myshei, razlichaiushchikhsia po H-2-lokusu gistosovmestimosti, pri vnutribriushinnom vvedenii sal'mozana.

The activity of 5'-nucleotidase in mouse peritoneal macrophages differing by histocompatibility locus H-2 after intraperitoneal injection of salmozan, an immunostimulating agent, has been studied. The character of changes in the activity of 5'-nucleotidase in peritoneal exudate macrophages after the intraperitoneal injection of salmozan has proved to be unrelated to the genotype of mice. The injection of salmozan induces a deep and prolonged decrease in the activity of 5'-nucleotidase in these macrophages. In mice of different strains changes in the activity of 5'-nucleotidase after the intraperitoneal injection of salmozan are of a linear type and can be approximated by a linear regression model.

[Immunomodulators and hemopoietic system in malignant growth]. / Immunomoduliatory i sistema gemopoéza pri zlokachestvennom roste.

The data on the effect of immunomodulators (IM) of the biologic origin on hematopoietic responses are reviewed. Up-to-date classification of immunomodulators is given. The correlation between the proliferative stem cell response induced by certain immunomodulators, accidental thymus involution, suppressor T cell activity enhancement and the development of transient anemia are analyzed from the standpoint of its possible significance. A conclusion is drawn on the necessity to develop systemic criteria which permit evaluating shifts induced by immunomodulators in the hematopoietic system.

[Effect of various immunostimulants on 5-nucleotidase activity of macrophages of peritoneal exudate in the mouse]. / Izuchenie vliianiia immunostimuliatorov raznoi prirody na aktivnost' 5-nukleotidazy makrofagov peritoneal'nogo ékssudata myshei.

All the immunostimulators studied, independently on their biological origin and chemical structure, decreased the 5-nucleotidase activity in macrophages of mice peritoneal exudate, thus indicating activation of these cells. The most distinct inhibition of the enzymatic activity in macrophages was induced by preparations of microbial origin. The decrease of the 5-nucleotidase activity in macrophages was observed in mice of CBA strain only after intraperitoneal administration of the preparations, while in non-linear animals--after subcutaneous or itraperitoneal injections.

[Chemical structure and immunostimulating activity of high molecular weight polysaccharides]. / Khimicheskaia struktura i immunostimuliruiushchaia aktivnost' vysokomolekuliarnykh polisakharidov.

An immunostimulating activity of high molecular polysaccharides, dissimilar in their chemical structure, was studied. Inoculation of mice with bacteria of typhoid fever and Kl. pneumoniae demonstrated that O-polysaccharide from typhoid bacteria--multicomponent, branch-chained, phosphorus-containing polysaccharide--exhibited the highest immunostimulating effect. Mannans and glucans, with linear and branch-chained molecules, involving various types of C-C bonds, had lower stimulating properties, which did not correlate with the level of a molecule branching and the type of C-C bonds. These data were confirmed after evaluation of adjuvant properties of high molecular polysaccharides with sheep erythrocytes and their ability to activate macrophages.

[Interstrain differences in changes in 5-nucleotidase activity in mouse macrophages in response to immunostimulation]. / Mezhlineinye razlichiia v izmenenii aktivnosti 5-nukleotidazy makrofagov myshei v otvet na immunostimuliruiushchee vozdeistvie.

The effect of immunostimulants on the activity of 5-nucleotidase in the macrophages of peritoneal exudate (MPE) has been investigated in mice of various strains. It has been demonstrated that in case of subcutaneous introduction of immunostimulants interstrain differences might be observed in the changes of MPE 5-nucleotidase activity. The decrease in the enzymatic activity in MPE was found to be the most pronounced in C57Bl/6 mice, while in AKR mice it was the least marked. CBA and C3 mice revealed no changes in MPE 5-nucleotidase activity in response to immunostimulation.

[Functional macrophage activity in infection with virulent and avirulent strains of the dysentery microbe]. / Funktsional'naia aktivnost' makrofagov pri zarazhenii virulentnym i avirulentnym shtammami dizenteriinogo mikroba.

The effect of S. flexneri virulent and avirulent (vaccine) strains 2a on the cytoplasmic membrane of mouse macrophages has been studied by evaluating the action of these bacteria on the activity of 5-nucleotidase. The dynamics of the activity of 5-nucleotidase after the introduction of both virulent and avirulent strains has a phasic character with alternating rises and falls in the activity of this enzyme in comparison with the control. S. flexneri vaccine strain produces mainly a stimulating effect on the functional activity of peritoneal macrophages in mice, which is confirmed by a decrease in the activity of 5-nucleotidase; on the contrary, S. flexneri virulent strain- has mainly an inhibiting effect on the functional activity of peritoneal macrophages, which is confirmed by an increase in the activity of 5-nucleotidase in these cells. The comparative study of changes in the activity of 5-nucleotidase, following the introduction of S. flexneri, in mice, previously immunized with smallpox vaccine, and in intact mice has shown that the use of animals immunized with smallpox vaccine in the study of metabolic characteristics may lead to distortions in the results of the experiment.

[Analysis of the effect of immunostimulants on the macrophages of mouse peritoneal exudates by using mathematical simulation and planning methods]. / Analiz vliianiia immunostimuliatorov na makrofagi peritoneal'nogo ékssudata myshei s ispol'zovaniem matematicheskogo modelirovaniia i planirovaniia.

Using methods of mathematical modelling and planning an analysis was made of changes in 5-nucleotidase activity in murine peritoneal macrophages after intraperitoneal administration of immunostimulants of different chemical structure and biological origin. The changes in 5-nucleotidase activity after the administration of immunostimulants were shown to exhibit a similar linear pattern.