Evaluation of Fatty Acid Contents and Biological Activities of Jurinea turcica.

The fatty acid profile, antioxidant/antibacterial, and cytotoxic effects of the extracts obtained from Jurinea turcica B.Dogan& A.Duran have been evaluated for the first time in the current study. The fatty acid profile of ethanolic extracts was determined using the Soxhlet extractor by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. The antioxidant and antibacterial activities were measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and ferrous reduction tests and the disc diffusion technique. Additionally, the cytotoxicity and wound healing assays were performed on A549 cells. The highest amount of component in the leaf extract was docosanoic acid methyl ester, whereas abundant arachidonic acid methyl ester was mainly found in the flower extract. The IC50 values, the 50 % scavenging value for the DPPH radical, were 179.13 and 124.67 µg/mL for the leaf and flower extracts, respectively. IC50 values (the half-maximal inhibitory concentration) were 10.4 and 24.7 µg/mL for the flower and leaf extracts, respectively. The leaf extract showed more potent antibacterial activity on Enterococcus faecalis (17 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (16 mm) bacteria than the flower extract. In conclusion, the extracts of J. turcica have anti-cancerogenic and antibacterial effects. Leaf extracts have antibacterial and anti-metastatic effects, while flower extracts show antioxidant, cytotoxic, and apoptotic properties in A549 cells.

Microbiology of public telephones.

OBJECTIVES: There is an increasing interest in antibacterial products intended for applications, such as in carpets, hand lotions, wallpaper adhesives, gloves and fabrics used in the home and hospital environments. A range of materials impregnated with various types of antimicrobial agents, such as triclosan and silver-zeolite additive is also being evaluated for use in plastics, air filters, toys, tooth-brushes, pagers and telephones. However, there is not enough microbiological data to suggest the need for sterilization of telephones and similar hand-contact objects. METHODS: Bacteriological sampling of 50 public telephones was performed from May to November. RESULTS: Twelve different types of bacteria were found on the surface of telephones. The level of bacterial contamination for the telephone mouthpiece was increased to its highest point in October from its lowest value in August. It was also found that the microbial contamination of mouthpiece was about twice the contamination of earpiece. CONCLUSIONS: These results showed that public telephones are contaminated with various types of microorganisms and the level of contamination changes significantly with time.