Comparison of anxiety, pain, and quality of life in individuals with mild or moderate malocclusion between conventional fixed orthodontic treatment versus Invisalign: a randomised clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: We evaluated anxiety, pain, and oral-health-related quality of life in individuals treated with conventional fixed appliances (Group A) and clear aligners (Group B) for moderate malocclusion during the initial phase of orthodontic treatment. METHODS: Sixty individuals, separated into Group A (n = 30) and Group B (n = 30), were included in the study. They completed the Anxiety Levels, Oral Health Impact Profile-14, and Oral Health Related Quality of Life - United Kingdom/Surveys after the application of attachments on days 0 (T1), 10 (T10), and 20 (T20). Their pain levels were evaluated with the Visual Analogue Scale on days 0, 2, and 6 in the 2nd and 6th hours and on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st days. RESULTS: Per the VAS questionnaire, pain levels in the 2nd hour, 6th hour, 1st day, and 3rd day were significantly lower in Group B than in Group A. In the OHIP-14 survey results, the comparison between Group A and Group B showed a significant difference only on the 1st day. The STAI and OHRQoL-UK survey results did not differ significantly between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: We found no significant difference between the two groups in terms of anxiety levels, and pain among individuals in Group A was higher than in Group B only at the beginning of the treatment. No significant differences were observed in terms of individuals' quality of life. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT06133296 (retrospectively registered)- Registration Date:15/11/2023.

Evaluation of the shear bond strength of various adhesives on the surface of enamel irradiated with various doses of radiotherapy.

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) forces on the enamel surface with 2 adhesives after treatment with various radiation doses. METHODS: A total of 120 premolars were included in the study. The teeth were randomly divided into 5 main groups (n = 24): negative control (without aging), positive control (with aging), 40 Gy, 60 Gy, and 70 Gy radiation. The 40 Gy, 60 Gy, and 70 Gy groups underwent conventional radiotherapy 5 days a week with a dose of 2 Gy each day. After the radiotherapy, all samples except the negative control group were subjected to thermal cycle aging. In all 5 groups, the specimens were divided into 2 subgroups, and half were bonded using 2 adhesives. After bonding, the universal Shimadzu test device was used to analyze the SBS. After the test, the tooth surfaces were examined under a stereomicroscope to determine the adhesive remnant index. RESULTS: When adhesives were compared, Biofix adhesive's bond strength value was statistically higher in the 40 Gy group than in the Transbond XT group (P = 0.001). The SBS value was higher in all irradiated groups than in nonirradiated groups (P = 0.001). When the adhesive remnant index score was analyzed, no significant difference was found among the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The SBS increased in irradiated teeth compared with unirradiated teeth, and the SBS values of both adhesives were within the acceptable limits in all radiation groups.

Evaluation of safe areas for miniscrew use according to various skeletal anomalies with CBCT.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine safe areas to apply miniscrews in the interradicular region of the maxilla and mandible in individuals with various sagittal skeletal malocclusions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cone beam-computed tomography images of 159 individuals were used. Individuals were divided into three groups: Class I, Class II, and Class III. In the sagittal plane, 3-6-9-mm apical sections were determined from the alveolar crest apex. The buccal cortical bone thickness, interradicular distance, and buccolingual bone distances were measured. RESULTS: In the buccal cortical bone thickness, we observed statistically significant differences between the classes except for the 1-1 region in the maxilla and all regions and sections in the mandible (p < 0.05). The differences in the buccolingual bone distance between classes were statistically significant, except for the 3-mm and 6-mm sections in the 3-4 and 4-5 regions of the maxilla, the 9-mm sections in the 1-2 and 2-3 regions, the 6-mm and 9-mm sections in the 3-4 region, and the 6-mm section in the 4-5 regions of the mandible (p < 0.05). The differences in the interradicular bone distance were statistically significant between the classes in all regions and sections of the mandible except the 6-mm sections in the 1-2 region and in all sections of the maxilla except the 6-mm sections in the 3-4 region (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We observed significant differences in the buccal cortical bone thickness, interradicular bone distance, and buccolingual bone distance among individuals. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Understanding the anatomy of interradicular regions and preventing complications.

Effect of various orthodontic adhesives on enamel colour changes after fixed treatment.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare enamel colour changes of incisors and canines produced by various orthodontic adhesives following treatment with fixed appliances. METHODS: The study included 300 maxillary and mandibular central and lateral incisors, and canines of 25 subjects who finished fixed appliance treatment. The following adhesives were used according to the manufacturer's instructions: Transbond XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA), Kurasper F (Kuraray Europe GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany), Grengloo (Ormco Corporation, Glendora, CA, USA) and Light Bond (Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, IL, USA). Different adhesives were placed in each quadrant of the subjects. Pretreatment and posttreatment enamel colours were evaluated at the middle third of the buccal surfaces of teeth using the SpectroShade Micro Dental Colour Complete Tooth Analysis SystemTM (MHT International, Verona, Italy). Tooth colour was determined using the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage L* a* b* system, and ∆E values were calculated. RESULTS: Pretreatment and posttreatment intragroup comparison results showed significant decreases in L* and b*, as well as insignificant changes in a* for all teeth. Significantly less enamel colour changes occurred in the Kurasper F group compared with the Grengloo and Light Bond groups. Evaluating incisors and canines separately, overall intergroup comparisons were not significant. Enamel colour changes were significantly less only for the canines compared to the incisors in the Transbond XT and Kurasper F groups. The ∆E values were 1.83-2.18 and 1.41-1.95 for incisors and canines, respectively. CONCLUSION: Although statistically less enamel colour changes occurred in the Kurasper F group compared with the Grengloo and Light Bond groups, the observed changes were not clinically relevant.

Influence of surface treatments on the bond strength of metal brackets to CAD/CAM materials and discoloration after various refinishing procedures : Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy study.

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the shear bond strength (SBS) of a metal bracket bonded to three different computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) restoration materials pretreated with different surface treatments. In addition, the surface topography and color change of the restorations after debonding with two different tungsten carbide burs were examined. METHODS: A total of 216 plates were cut from three different CAD/CAM blocks, each of which was divided into three subgroups with different pretreatment methods: (1) acid etching, (2) sandblasting, and (3) laser irradiation. Incisor metal brackets were bonded. The SBS test was performed, and the failure types were classified. Then, samples were randomly divided into two subgroups according to the adhesive removal procedure to be used: a tungsten carbide bur with 12 blades or 24 blades (n = 12). Color change was calculated based on the ∆E00, and surface morphology was evaluated via SEM and AFM analysis. RESULTS: The SBS data revealed that the type of CAD/CAM material and the applied surface treatment significantly affected bond strength. The highest SBS values were detected for the Grandio Blocs (VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany; 14.3 ± 4.4 MPa), and the lowest was observed for Cerasmart (GC Europe, Leuven, Belgium; 12.0 ± 4.0 MPa). The ∆E00 results demonstrated significant differences only as a result of the applied surface treatment. The ∆E00 value in all groups was above the 1.77 threshold. CONCLUSION: CAD/CAM material types and surface treatments affected the bond strength, but the interactions of these factors did not. The chosen surface treatment also significantly affected the ∆E00 after the polishing was done.

The relationship between frontal sinus dimensions and skeletal malocclusion.

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective research is to compare frontal sinus dimensions in skeletal Class I, skeletal Class II, and skeletal Class III individuals and to evaluate the relationship of these dimensions with anterior skull base length and some cephalometric values. Materials and methods: In this research, we used lateral cephalometric radiographs of 60 people aged 17 to 25. In individuals with skeletal Class I malocclusion, skeletal Class II malocclusion due to mandibular insufficiency, and skeletal Class III malocclusion due to mandibular excess, measurements of frontal sinus length and height as well as S-N, Co-A and Co- Gn lengths, ANB0, FMA0, SN-GoGn0 angles values were performed. The length between the highest point and the lowest point of the frontal sinus was calculated as the height of the frontal sinus, and the length between the most anterior and the most posterior points of the frontal sinus was calculated as the length of the frontal sinus. Results: The frontal sinus length and height were found to be higher in skeletal Class III individuals than in skeletal Class I and skeletal Class II individuals, however, there was no significant difference between skeletal Class I and Class II individuals. Conclusion: The increase in frontal sinus height and length correlated positively with the decrease in the ANB angle and the increase in the SN and Co-Gn lengths. The dimensions of the frontal sinus may be an indicator for the remaining mandibular growth potential.

Changes in the gingival thickness and keratinized gingival width of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth after orthodontic treatment.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate changes in the gingival thickness (GT) and keratinized gingival width (KGW) of the maxillary and mandibular central and lateral incisors and canines after fixed orthodontic treatment and their association with sagittal tooth movement (STM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study of both arches, 60 periodontally healthy subjects who had completed fixed orthodontic treatment were included. Using pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalograms, STM of the maxillary (1-NA angle and distance, and 1-SN angle) and mandibular (1-NB angle and distance, and IMPA angle) incisors were evaluated to divide the subjects into protrusion and retrusion groups. Pretreatment and posttreatment GT was identified via transgingival probing, and KGW was calculated from the free gingival margin to the mucogingival junction. RESULTS: The intragroup pretreatment and posttreatment comparison results showed a significant decrease in the GT of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth in the protrusion and retrusion groups and a decrease in the KGW of the maxillary lateral incisors in the protrusion group. Pearson correlation coefficient analyses for maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth revealed that the GT changes were not significantly associated with STM. However, a positive correlation existed between the KGW of tooth numbers 13 and 41 and STM. CONCLUSIONS: STM was not significantly associated with decreased GT of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth, but it was positively correlated with the KGW of tooth numbers 13 and 41.

Comparison of Two Retention Appliances with Respect to Clinical Effectiveness.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical effectiveness of Essix and Hawley retainers during the retention period. METHODS: A total of 30 subjects whose fixed orthodontic treatment results were evaluated according to the American Board of Orthodontics Phase III Objective Grading system were included in this study. After the removal of orthodontic attachments, the study participants were equally divided into two retention protocols: upper-lower Essix and upper-lower Hawley. The subjects were instructed to wear their retainers full time for 6 months, except during meals, and during nights only for 6 months. The clinical effectiveness of the retainers was evaluated according to the overjet, overbite, maxillary, and mandibular intercanine widths, intermolar widths, arch lengths, irregularity indexes, and lateral cephalometric measurements. All dental model and lateral cephalometric measurements were performed by the same investigator during three periods: pre-treatment, post-treatment, and post-retention. RESULTS: The overjet, overbite, maxillary, and mandibular intercanine widths; intermolar widths; and arch lengths and lateral cephalometric measurements were not statistically significantly different between the groups and identified time periods. Although the maxillary and mandibular irregularity indexes increased from the post-treatment to post-retention periods, the difference was not statistically significant. Pre-treatment, post-treatment, and post-retention lateral cephalometric measurements were not statistically significantly different between and within the groups. CONCLUSION: According to the results of a repeated-measures analysis of variance with two factors, and although an increase was found in the maxillary and mandibular irregularity indexes, the clinical effectiveness of Essix and Hawley retainers was found to be similar during the retention period.