[Pharmacogenetics of timolol]. / Farmakogenetika timolola.

In recent years, ß-adrenergic blockers have become the first choice drugs for glaucoma treatment. Timolol holds the main position among them, being a part of most combined antiglaucoma preparations. The use of timolol maleate in clinical practice may be accompanied by severe side effects affecting different organs and systems. The fact that cells with ß-adrenergic receptors are widely common within the human body explains pharmacodynamic effects of timolol maleate. Because of these undesirable side effects, timolol maleate often evokes negative reaction from doctors and patients, which to certain extent limits its usage in ophthalmological practice. Obviously, efficacy and safety of timolol administration depends on individual characteristics making personalized approach necessary for every patient. Such particular approach, being the foundation of personalized medicine, increases efficacy and safety of timolol while reducing costs by using targeted doses.

[Role of genetic markers in personalization of anti-angiogenic therapy in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration]. / Rol' geneticheskikh markerov v personalizatsii antiangiogennoi terapii ékssudativnoi formy vozrastnoi makuliarnoi degeneratsii.

The review presents data of clinical and pharmacogenetic research by Russian and foreign authors conducted within the last three years on the effectiveness of anti-angiogenic treatment against wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Scientific results on the association between angiogenesis-related gene polymorphisms responsible for predisposition to AMD on the one hand and a positive response to anti-VEGF therapy on the other are presented. Particular attention is paid to the main regulator of angiogenesis - the VEGF-A gene.

[Changes in hemostasis-related parameters of blood and lacrimal fluid in patients with retinal vein occlusion]. / Sostoianie sistemy gemostaza krovi i sleznoi zhidkosti pri okkliuzii retinal'nykh ven.

High prevalence of retinal vein occlusion in young people as well as treatment complexity and inadequate control of hemostatic parameters of blood and lacrimal fluid determine the significance of relevant research in patients with retinal vascular pathology. The data thus obtained may be useful for disease prognosis, severity evaluation and therapy control. This review is aimed to study hemostasis-related parameters of blood and lacrimal fluid in such patients.

[Retinal vascular occlusion and polymorphisms in genes coding for components of vitamin K cycle]. / Okkliuziia sosudov setchatki i polimorfizm genov, kodiruiushchikh komponenty tsikla vitamina K.

In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the role of polymorphisms in genes that code for the components of vitamin K cycle in the development of retinal vascular occlusion. Vitamin K serves as a cofactor for a number of blood coagulation factors, namely, factor II, VII, IX, and X, and also for anticoagulation proteins C and S. According to the literature, 1639G4A polymorphism of the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 gene (VKORC1) is likely to be a new risk factor of retinal vascular occlusion.