[The effect of the laser irradiation of the blood on its lipid and phospholipid components in diabetes mellitus]. / Vliianie lazernogo oblucheniia krovi na ee lipidnyi i fosfolipidnyi komponenty pri sakharnom diabete.

Study results of the laser irradiation impact on the blood lipid and phospholipid components and membrane erythrocyte in patients with diabetes mellitus and pyo-necrotic injuries of lower extremities when treated by laser intravenously or epicutaneously. The results prove, that the laser irradiation of low intensity favourably affects the blood components in a complex treatment of diabetes mellitus. Intravenous irradiation positive dynamics are more easily observed.

Distribution of the total unsaturation in lipid components of plasma as a new differential diagnostic method in clinical analysis.

Using ozonization and thin-layer chromatographic methods we determined the qualitative and quantitative correlation of unsaturation distribution (UD) in individual fractions of blood plasma lipids in children suffering from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The research was aimed at elucidation of biochemical criterion of the degree of metabolic disorders in children with IDDM and at development of methods for quantitative assessment of such disorders. Twenty children were examined during the compensation stage (group 1), and twelve during decompensation with ketoacidosis (group 2). The present investigation shows that in the case of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in children the total unsaturation distribution (TUD) in plasma lipid fractions were found to be decreased significantly compared to healthy controls. The pattern of TUD in plasma lipid fractions may serve as a new biochemical criterion for metabolic disorders and decompensation in IDDM.

[Use of electron paramagnetic resonance in assessing viscosity of blood lipids in diabetes mellitus in children]. / Ispol'zovanie élektronnogo paramagnitnogo rezonansa v otsenke viazkosti lipidov krovi pri sakharnom diabete u detei.

Viscosity of blood serum lipids was studied in children with insulin-dependent diabetes involving nitroxyl containing probes-registered by means of radiospectrometer RE 1307. The following parameters were studied: the ratios between values exhibiting the probe distribution in polar and hydrophobic phases [formula: see text] as well as between content of low polar (I+1) and high polar (I-1) spectral components. The "f' value showed the state of lipid density and the ratio [formula: see text] allowed to estimate the lipid microviscosity. 34 children of 7-15 years old with insulin-dependent diabetes were examined in dynamics of treatment under stationary conditions. Distinct metabolic impairments and aggravation of the lipid peroxidation syndrome were mainly responsible for pronounced increase in lipid viscosity. The procedure of spin probes may contribute to study of diabetes pathogenesis as well as to serve as a diagnostic means in evaluation of the disease complications at early stages.

[Distribution of the total quantity of fatty acid double bonds in lipid components of the blood in children with diabetes mellitus]. / Raspredelenie summarnogo kolichestva dvoinykh sviazei zhirnykh kilsot v lipidnykh komponentakh krovi pri sakharnom diabete u detei.

Children suffering from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were examined for unsaturation, that is, total quantity of double bonds in individual fractions of blood serum lipids was assessed. Lipid fractions were isolated by thin-layer chromatography. Unsaturation was assessed by ozonation method. The research was aimed at elucidation of biochemical criteria of the degree of metabolic disorders in children with IDDM and at development of methods for quantitative assessment of such disorders. Thirty-two inpatients with IDDM aged 7 to 15 were examined over time. Control group included 10 healthy age-matched children. Twenty children were examined during compensation stage (group 1), twelve during decompensation with ketoacidosis (group 2). Total unsaturation parameters were found reliably decreased in children with IDDM both during compensation and decompensation stages vs. those in healthy controls. A relative decrease of unsaturated fatty acids in the fraction of unesterified fatty acids (p < 0.05) was characteristic of group 2, with the content of their fragments in triglyceride fraction being the maximal (p < 0.05). The pattern of total unsaturation distribution in serum lipid fractions may serve as an indicator for metabolic disorders and decompensation in IDDM.

[Microcirculatory hemostasis in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. / Mikrotsirkuliatornyi gemostaz u detei s insulinzavisimym sakharnym diabetom.

Study of microcirculatory hemostasis in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus helped the authors to make new conclusions on metabolic changes underlying blood coagulation cellular factors, namely, the red cell and platelet levels. Fifty children aged 7 to 15, suffering from type I condition, were examined. Ten of these were examined during the compensation stage, 23 during decompensation without ketosis, and 17 with ketoacidosis. Twelve age-matched healthy children were controls. Noticeable disorders in the microcirculatory hemostasis system were revealed in diabetic children, these changes manifesting by changed functional activities of red cells and platelets. Reduced share of platelet deaggregation, increased red cell aggregation time, reduced thromboelastogram chronometric constant and reduction of its structural parameters may be considered as the early signs of these changes. The risk of microcirculatory hemostasis disturbances augments with the disease duration and progress.

[The indices of the lipid peroxidation and desaturation of the blood serum in diabetes mellitus in children]. / Pokazateli perekisnogo okisleniia i nenasyshchennosti lipidov syvorotki krovi pri sakharnom diabete u detei.

Comparative investigation of indices of lipid peroxidation and blood lipid unsaturation was carried out in 91 pediatric inpatients (aged 7 to 15) with type I diabetes mellitus and in 10 controls of the same age. Activation of free radical lipid peroxidation was shown to occur in children with diabetes mellitus. A degree of compensation of diabetes did not influence the level of hydroxyperoxides (HP) and final decay products (FP) of lipid peroxidation. In ketoacidotic decompensation HP and FP concentrations in the patients were increased as compared to those in the controls by 284 and 255%, respectively. At the same time children who were admitted in coma, demonstrated low values of blood lipid unsaturation. Insulin therapy (irrespective a drug dose) was accompanied by a 1.8-2-fold increase (p less than 0.05) in a HP level as compared to control values. Change in the level of lipid unsaturation depended upon a daily dose of insulin. In diabetes over 1 year different types of changes in lipid peroxidation and unsaturation were detected, and individual differences in their levels required a differentiated approach to therapeutic tactics.

[Study of unsaturated plasma lipids in children with diabetes mellitus]. / Issledovanie nenasyshchennosti lipidov plazmy krovi pri sakharnom diabete u detei.

The determination of unsaturation of lipids contained by the blood serum and cell plasma membranes, which depends on the total amount of double bonds (DB) in unsaturated fatty acids is a new and promising method of estimating lipid metabolism in diabetes mellitus. Unsaturation was determined by ozonization. 91 children aged 7 to 15 years were examined. The control group included 10 healthy children of the same age. The standardized values of unsaturation were delimited in the healthy children, which amounted to 260 +/- 20 conventional units. A relationship was discovered between DB and the degree of compensation together with the disease standing. Comparative analysis of blood DB and the lipid spectrum demonstrated that the high values of unsaturation correlate with elevated concentrations of free cholesterol, nonesterified fatty acids, cholesterol esters, pre-beta-LP, beta-LP and triglycerides.

[Comparative aspects of the changes in lipid metabolism indicators in lymphocyte and erythrocyte membranes in children with diabetes mellitus]. / Sravnitel'nye aspekty izmenenii pokazatelei metabolizma lipidov v membranakh limfotsitov i éritrotsitov u detei, bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom.

Lipid metabolism in lymphocytes was compared to that in the blood serum and red blood cells. 50 children aged 7 to 15 years suffering from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in the phase of decompensation without ketosis were examined. The patients were treated at hospital. 12 healthy children of the same age made up the control group. The changes in the lipid composition of red blood cells were shown to follow "passively" the changes occurring in the lipid composition of the blood serum. On the contrary, the changes in the lipid composition of lymphocyte membranes in IDDM are of "active" nature and may be caused by the displacement of the metabolic changes in lipid to a new pathological level. The changes in the lipid composition of lymphocyte membranes, seen in the phase of IDDM decompensation are one of the main factors responsible for the lowering of lymphocyte function that determines the formation of immunodeficiency followed by the superaddition of infectious diseases.

[Effect of long-term space flight on erythrocyte metabolism and the function of the erythrocyte membrane]. / Vliianie dlitel'nogo kosmicheskogo poleta na metabolizm éritrotsitov i funktsional'noe sostoianie ikh membran.

This paper presents the data about red blood cell metabolism and the structure and function of erythrocyte membranes obtained from two cosmonauts after their 326- and 160-day flights. In both cases we observed inhibition of energy formation (decrease of the rate of glycolysis and ATP content) and enhancement of oxidative processes (decrease of reduced glutathione and activity of antioxidative enzymes). The above changes in the metabolic status of erythrocytes are correlated with shifts at the membrane level, particularly with variations of membrane lipids, phospholipid spectrum and ratios of phospholipid fractions, alteration of membrane-bound enzymes (ATPase) and increase of cell resistance to acid hemolysis. The changes in the erythrocyte membrane leading to lower cell deformability and possible shifts of blood rheological properties give evidence that it is necessary to use preventive membrane stabilization measures at certain flight stages and during readaptation.

[Changes in the lipid composition of the lymphocyte membranes and in the reactions of the lymphocytic Fc receptors in obesity]. / Izmeneniia lipidnogo sostava membran limfotsitov i reaktsii limfotsitarnykh Fc-retseptorov pri ozhirenii.

The paper is concerned with a study of a response of lymphocytic Fc receptors (FcR) to modulators regulating their expression (prostaglandins E2 and F2, 2 X 10(-9) M, isoproterenol 10(-5), 10(-6) M) as compared to changes in the lymphocyte membrane lipid composition of patients with obesity of II-III degree with a high blood cholesterol level up to 9-10 nmol/l. Two groups were distinguished among obese patients: "areactive" in which lymphocytic FcR did not respond to modulators, and "reactive" in which FcR responded at least to one of 4 utilized modulators. Research into the lipid spectrum of lymphocytic membranes revealed a significant decrease in the concentration of nonesterified fatty acids in membranes of "areactive" lymphocytes to 4 +/- 0.6% (against the normal level of 8.9 +/- 0.7%). In order to make up completely for immunodeficiency in obesity, lipotropic agents and food rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids could be recommended.

[Comparative evaluation of the lipid metabolic indices of children with a hereditary predisposition for diabetes and in manifest diabetes mellitus]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka pokazatelei obmena lipidov u detei s nasledstvennoi predraspolozhennost'iu k diabetu i pri iavnom sakharnom diabete.

The paper is concerned with the results of investigation of serum lipid, phospholipid and lipoprotein spectra in 31 sibs, 100 children with diabetes mellitus (DM), 83 women in birth with DM and their fetuses. This study showed a necessity of planned investigation of sibs not only for the detection of glucose tolerance but also of primary and secondary dyslipemia. In children with manifest DM the ratio of lipid, phospholipid and lipoprotein fractions was disturbed and depended upon a degree of compensation, a period of disease and a dose of insulin. The type of changes in the women in birth with DM was the same as during pregnancy: there was an increase in the concentration of total lipids and some of their fractions: nonesterified fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, and atherogenic lipoproteins. Liposynthetic activation observed in infants born to DM mothers, was associated with the metabolic effects of insulin, of which a degree of hypersecretion seemed to determine the type of lipidograms.

[Diet therapy of hyperlipidemia in children]. / Dietoterapiia giperlipidemii u detei.

A classification of hyperlipidemias (HLP) in children has been presented in which the main types and forms of the disease are described. The general principles of the diet therapy in children with HLP have been formulated. It is stressed that the ration should include the products containing lipotropic substances, and possessing anticholesterol properties. A special attention is paid to chick-pea (Cicer arietinum) that contains essential amino acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids with antisclerotic and anticholesterol properties. The characteristics of the nutrition regimen for the HLP patients and the food intake frequency have been determined.

[Indices of the lipid spectrum of the blood serum and erythrocyte membranes in diabetes mellitus in children]. / Pokazateli spektra lipidov syvorotki krovi i membran éritrotsitov pri sakharnom diabete u detei.

The paper is concerned with the results of a comparative study of the blood serum lipid spectrum and erythrocytic membranes in 100 children with diabetes mellitus aged 7 to 15 and 20 healthy children of the same age. The ratio of lipid and lipoprotein fractions depending on a degree of compensation, duration of disease and the presence of complications was disturbed in the blood serum and erythrocytic membranes of the diabetic children. The recovery of lipid metabolism was delayed as compared to clinical convalescence of the patients, therefore appropriate correcting therapy was required.