Validación de las escalas de valoración de riesgo de úlceras por presión EMINA y EVARUCI en pacientes críticos / Validation of EMINA and EVARUCI scales for assessing the risk of developing pressure ulcers in critical patients

Objetivo: Contribuir a la validación de las escalas EMINA y EVARUCI en el paciente crítico para posteriormente comparar su capacidad predictiva en este mismo contexto. Método: Estudio prospectivo desde diciembre del 2012 hasta junio del 2013. Ámbito: Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos polivalente de 14 camas de hospital de referencia de 2 áreas sanitarias. Pacientes: Incluidos mayores de edad y sin úlceras al ingreso. En estudio hasta que desarrollaron úlcera grado i o superior, fueron defunción, alta o su estancia superó los 30 días. Variables de interés principales: presencia de úlcera, puntuación diaria de riesgo de desarrollar úlceras mediante valoración EMINA y EVARUCI. La validez de ambas escalas se calculó mediante sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y negativo. El nivel de significación se estableció para p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: Se estudió a 189 pacientes. El 67,2% eran hombres con una edad media ± desviación estándar de 59,4 ± 16,8) años, 53 (28%) desarrollaron úlceras, siendo la tasa de incidencia de 41 úlceras por cada 1.000 días de ingreso. El día medio de aparición fue de 7,7 ± 4,4 días y la localización más frecuente, sacro. La sensibilidad y la especificidad para la media de las observaciones fue de 94,34 (87,17-100) y 33,33 (25,01-41,66) para la escala EMINA para riesgo > 10 y 92,45 (84,40-100) y 42,96 (34,24-51,68) para EVARUCI riesgo > 11. Conclusiones: No se hallaron diferencias en la capacidad predictiva de ambas escalas. Para sensibilidades > 90%, las escalas se muestran poco específicas en la detección del riesgo de úlceras en el paciente crítico

Objective: To contribute to the validation of the EMINA and EVAUCI scales for assessing the risk of pressure ulcers in the critical patient and compare their predictive capacity in this same context. Method: Prospective study from December 2012 until June 2013. Setting: Polyvalent intensive care unit of 14 beds in a reference hospital for two sanitary areas. Patients: patients of 18 years of age or older and without pressure ulcers were included. They were followed until development of a pressure ulcer of grade I or greater, medical discharge, death or 30 days. Main variables: presence of ulcers, daily score of the risk of developing pressure ulcers through EMINA and EVARUCI evaluation. The validity of both scales was calculated using sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value. The level of significance was P ≤ 0.05. Results: A total of 189 patients were evaluated. 67.2% were male with a mean age of 59.4 (DE: 16,8) years old, 53 (28%) developed pressure ulcers, being the incidence rate of 41 ulcers per 1000 admission days. The mean day of diagnosis was 7.7 days (DE: 4,4) and the most frequent area was the sacrum. The sensitivity and specificity for the mean of observations was 94.34 (IC95% 87.17-100) and 33.33 (IC95% 25.01-41.66) for the EMINA scale for a risk > 10 and 92.45 (IC95% 84.40-100) and 42.96 (IC95% 34.24-51.68) for the EVARUCI scale for a risk of > 11. Conclusions: No differences were found in predictive capacity of both scales. For sensitivities > 90%the scales show to be insufficiently specific in the pressure ulcer risk detection in critical patients

[Validation of EMINA and EVARUCI scales for assessing the risk of developing pressure ulcers in critical patients]. / Validación de las escalas de valoración de riesgo de úlceras por presión EMINA y EVARUCI en pacientes críticos.

OBJECTIVE: To contribute to the validation of the EMINA and EVAUCI scales for assessing the risk of pressure ulcers in the critical patient and compare their predictive capacity in this same context. METHOD: Prospective study from December 2012 until June 2013. SETTING: Polyvalent intensive care unit of 14 beds in a reference hospital for two sanitary areas. PATIENTS: patients of 18 years of age or older and without pressure ulcers were included. They were followed until development of a pressure ulcer of grade I or greater, medical discharge, death or 30 days. MAIN VARIABLES: presence of ulcers, daily score of the risk of developing pressure ulcers through EMINA and EVARUCI evaluation. The validity of both scales was calculated using sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value. The level of significance was P≤0.05. RESULTS: A total of 189 patients were evaluated. 67.2% were male with a mean age of 59.4 (DE: 16,8) years old, 53 (28%) developed pressure ulcers, being the incidence rate of 41 ulcers per 1000 admission days. The mean day of diagnosis was 7.7 days (DE: 4,4) and the most frequent area was the sacrum. The sensitivity and specificity for the mean of observations was 94.34 (IC95% 87.17-100) and 33.33 (IC95% 25.01-41.66) for the EMINA scale for a risk>10 and 92.45 (IC95% 84.40-100) and 42.96 (IC95% 34.24-51.68) for the EVARUCI scale for a risk of>11. CONCLUSIONS: No differences were found in predictive capacity of both scales. For sensitivities>90%the scales show to be insufficiently specific in the pressure ulcer risk detection in critical patients.