miR-106a-5p Functions as a Tumor Suppressor by Targeting VEGFA in Renal Cell Carcinoma.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate progression of different cancers. Nevertheless, there is limited information regarding the role of miR-106a-5p in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Herein, we demonstrate that miR-106a-5p levels are drastically decreased in clear cell RCC (ccRCC) tissues and cell lines, which subsequently contribute to a poor patient overall survival and a high tumor stage. By screening and analyzing, we found that miR-106a-5p directly targets the 3'-UTR of the VEGFA mRNA and led to a decrease in VEGFA. This process is important for tumor cells' growth and colony formation, and overexpression of miR-106a-5p can especially kill kidney tumor cells. Therefore, our data reveal that miR-106a-5p functions as a tumor suppressor by regulating VEGFA and ccRCC may be susceptible to miR-106a-5p therapy.

Protein expression information of prostate infection based on data mining.

In order to deeply explore the interaction between prostate cancer (PCa)-related proteins and to screen out effective targets for clinical practice, data mining of PCa proteomics literature is conducted, 41 differentially expressed seed proteins are identified, and a protein interaction network is constructed. The extended network consists of a mega network and three separate small parts, which are used to find key nodes and build a backbone network through connectivity screening. Topological analysis of these networks reveals that solute carrier family 2 (glucose transporter) member 4 (SLC2A4) and tubulin ß-2C (TUBB2C) are centrally located in the protein interaction network. In addition, by using the module analysis, the dense connection area is found. Functional annotations indicate that the biological processes of Ras protein signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and neurotrophin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) signaling pathways play important roles in the pathogenesis of PCa. Therefore, further studies of SLC2A4 and TUBB2C proteins, and these biological processes and pathways may provide potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of PCa.

High prevalence of pediatric urinary tract stones in Xinjiang Uyghur.

The aim of the study was to report the characteristics of urolithiasis in Uyghur patients from Xinjiang, China. The composition of stones collected from 1863 patients in the Uyghur region of Xinjiang was analyzed. The median age of patients was 17 years [25th and 75th percentiles: 2, 36]. The stones were delivered by 1299 males (69.7%) and 564 females (30.3%). Calcium oxalate was the predominant stone component in 42.1% of the patients, followed by ammonium urate in 20.6%. Females had formed more stones of magnesium ammonium phosphate 8.9 vs. 5.6% (p = 0.010) and carbonate apatite 6.2 vs. 3.3% (p = 0.004). In contrast uric acid was more common in males than in females; 21.6 vs. 15.1% (p = 0.001). In this series, pediatric patients (age range 0-18) were more likely to present with a stone (51.5%, p < 0.001). Moreover, the largest number of pediatric stones was recorded in children 1-2 years old (37.9%, p < 0.001). The occurrence of ammonium urate stones was extremely high (52.4%) in children with an age below 1 year. There was a downward trend for ammonium urate with age in both children and adults (p for trend < 0.001, respectively). In contrast the frequency of uric acid declined with age in pediatric patients, but increased in adults (p for trend < 0.001, respectively). This study provides a basis for further considerations on the management of Xinjiang Uyghur patients and emphasize the severity of pediatric stone problems.

Diagnosis and treatment of kidney stones complicated with emphysema pyelonephritis (report of 8 cases) / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To discusse the diagnosis and treatment of kidney stones with emphysema pyelonephritis.Methods The clinical data of 8 patients with kidney stones complicated with emphysema pyelonephritis diagnosed in our hospital from January 2015 to October 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 5 males and 3 females.The average age was 50 years old.The clinical manifestations including chills fever in 6 cases,low back pain in 5 cases,nausea and vomiting in 3 cases.Six patients had diabetes,one had thalassemia,and two had contralateral kidney stones.The maximum cross-sectional area of stones was 737.6 mm2.Among the 8 cases,there were 7 cases which number of white blood cells and procalcitonin were higher than normal reference value.4 cases of hemoglobin ＜ 110 g/L,2 cases of platelet count ＜ 125 × 109/L.The patient was cultured with urine and/or blood and drainage fluid.5 cases were Escherichia coli,2 cases were infected with Proteus mirabilis,and 1 case was infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.According to the CT findings of emphysematous pyelonephritis reported in the literature,it was divided into type Ⅰ-Ⅳ:There were 2 cases of type Ⅰ,2 cases of type Ⅱ,3 cases of type Ⅲ,and 1 case of type Ⅳ.Results 4 cases of type [and type Ⅱ patients,2 cases without SIRS were given positive medical treatment to control infection then performed PCNL.2 cases with SIRS,first treated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy and active medical,after control infection the PCNL was performed.None of the 4 patients were treated with ICU and recovered well after surgery.Three patients with type Ⅲ and one patient with type Ⅳ were complicated with SIRS.Two of them underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the emergency department.They were transferred to the ICU after surgery.After the infection and general condition improved,PCNL was performed.The postoperative recovery was satisfied.One patient percutaneous nephrolithotomy,due to poor drainage,secondary percutaneous nephrolithotomy,large intrachannel,low pressure perfusion in the operation of partial obstruction of renal pelvis stones,dredge obstruction,after ICU control infection PCNL was performed,postoperative recovery was good.One patient with type Ⅲ also had poor peritoneal drainage for the first time.Secondary percutaneous nephrolithotomy was performed.After the infection was controlled by ICU,PCNL was performed to remove the stones.However,because the patient had contralateral kidney stones and thalassemia,an epileptic-like reaction occurred during the anti-infection with imipenem,and a serious infection occurred again after the operation,and eventually the patient died.Conclusions Patients with type Ⅰ and Ⅱ emphysematous pyelonephritis with renal calculi treated with conservative medical treatment alone or combined with percutaneous renal puncture drainage with SIRS can achieve better therapeutic effects after PCNL surgery.Type Ⅲ,Ⅳ emphysema pyelonephritis with renal calculus patients need to be actively anti-infective accompany with percutaneous renal puncture drainage.When the stone leads to multiple renal pelvic obstruction,large channels,low-pressure perfusion can be used to crush stones,dredge obstruction.PCNL was performed after infection control.

Composition of urinary tract stones formed by children in two populations in the Uyghur region of China.

BACKGROUND: To retrospectively compare the composition of urinary tract stones formed by Uyghur children from the southern (Kashgar) and northern (Urumchi) parts of the Xinjiang region. METHODS: The chemical composition of urinary tract calculi formed by 855 Uyghur children from the two regions in Xinjiang (366 Kashgar and 489 Urumchi) was compared retrospectively. Stone composition was determined by infrared spectroscopy. Factors that might have been of relevance for the findings such as age, gender, stone location and geographic region were also considered. RESULTS: Kashgar children were younger than Urumchi children (2.8 ± 2.7 vs. 4.3 ± 3.7 years, p < 0.001). Although ammonium urate was the dominant stone component in the whole population, calcium oxalate was most common in children from Urumchi. The mean occurrence of ammonium urate, calcium oxalate and uric acid differed significantly between stones formed by Kashgar and Urumchi children (52.5% vs. 29.2%, 18.9% vs. 29.4%, 12.3% vs. 20.9%; respectively, p < 0.001). Renal stones were less frequently recorded in Kashgar children than in Urumchi children (65.8% vs. 91.6%, p < 0.001). Interestingly, bladder stones were more common in children from Kashgar (28.4% vs. 3.7%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Uyghur children from the southern part of Xinjiang apparently had a more serious form of stone disease than children from the northern part and the occurrence of stones dominated by ammonium urate stones was extremely high in children from the southern part of the region.

MiR-200c-3p inhibits cell migration and invasion of clear cell renal cell carcinoma via regulating SLC6A1.

In this study, we investigated the mechanism of miR-200c-3p and SLC6A1 in regulating cell activity of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). The mRNA and miRNA expressions of tissue specimens were analyzed by CapitalBio Corporation (Beijing, China). The expression of SLC6A1 in CCRCC cells was examined through qRT-PCR and western blot. The migration and invasion ability of 786-O cells was testified by transwell assay after transfected. 786-O cell proliferation ability was detected by MTT assay. Dual luciferase reporter assay verified the association between SLC6A1 and miR-200c-3p. SLC6A1 was high expressed and miR-200c-3p was low expressed in CCRCC tissues and cells. Besides, lower SLC6A1 expression indicated longer survival time and higher survival rate. MiR-200c-3p could directly target at SLC6A1 and reduce its expression. MiR-200c-3p inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion in 786-O cells by down-regulating SLC6A1 expression. The results suggested that the miR-200c-3p served as a suppressor for CCRCC via down-regulating SLC6A1.

Growth and proliferation of human urine derived stem cells in three kinds of culture media / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Little is reported on human urine derived stem cells, and there is still no stable and efficient culture method until now. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of three kinds of culture media on the growth and proliferation of human urine derived stem cells, and to optimize the culture methods. METHODS: Human urine derived stem cells were isolated and purified using centrifugation method, and then cultured using adherent method in keratinocyte serum-free medium, progenitor cell culture medium, and urinary cell culture medium (equal-proportion mixture of keratinocyte serum-free medium and progenitor cell culture medium). Cell morphology was observed, and cell proliferation was detected by MTT method to draw a cell growth curve.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Human urine derived stem cells could be successfully cultured in these three kinds of culture media, which grew slowly in the keratinocyte serum-free medium, grew rapidly in the progenitor cell culture medium, and grew best in the urinary cell culture medium. To conclude, the urinary cell culture medium which can rapidly and efficiently culture target cells is the best choice for the growth of human urine derived stem cells.

MicroRNA-145 regulates the differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells to smooth muscle cells via targeting Krüppel-like factor 4.

Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying human adipose-derived stem cell (hASC) differentiation to smooth muscle may contribute to the development of effective therapies for relevant muscle defects, such as bladder wall and urethral defects. A previous study described the differentiation of hASCs to smooth muscle cells (SMCs) by transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1) and bone morphogenetic protein­4 (BMP4) treatment. The present study investigated whether microRNA-145 (miR­145) may be involved in the process of hASC differentiation. The expression of miR­145 was significantly increased during differentiation of ASCs to SMCs. SMC­specific genes and proteins, including a­smooth muscle actin (α­SMA), smooth muscle protein­22α(SM22α), calponin and myosin heavy chain (SM­MHC) were upregulated by transfection of a miR­145 mimic. By contrast, these factors were downregulated following introduction of antisense oligonucleotides. In addition, Krüppel­like factor 4 (KLF4) levels, which decreased during the differentiation of hASCs, were downregulated when the cells were transfected miR­145 mimics. Futhermore, inhibition of KLF4 by treatment with short­interfering­RNA against KLF4, resulted in increased expression of SMC­specific genes and proteins. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that by regulating KLF4, miR­145 may be involved in regulating smooth muscle differentiation of ASCs induced by TGF­ß1 and BMP4.

Difference in urinary stone composition between Uyghur and Han children with urolithiasis.

The Objective of this study is to analyze the difference in renal stone composition between Uyghur and Han children with urolithiasis in China and possible reasons. From May 2011 to September 2013, we analyzed the stone compositions of 274 Chinese children with urolithiasis, including 151 Uyghur children from Xinjiang Province and 123 Han children from Guangdong Province. All the stone components were determined by Infrared spectroscopy and the main components were recorded. We also evaluated the data, including age, gender and geographic region of the patients. The mean age of Uyghur children was less than Han children (5.3 ± 4.2 vs 8.6 ± 5.7 years, p < 0.001). Calcium oxalate (CaOx) was the main stone composition in both Uyghur (35.1 %) and Han (64.2 %) children, but was more common in Han children (p < 0.0001). Cystine stone was also more abundant in Han children (8.9 % vs 0.7 %, p = 0.001). While, both uric acid (20.5 % vs 3.3 %, p < 0.0001) and magnesium ammonium phosphate (16.6 % vs 2.5 %, p < 0.0001) stones were more common in Uyghur. Interestingly, the significant differences in stone composition between the two groups were only observed in males. When the pediatric patients were further divided into three age groups which were 0-5, 6-12 and >12, the prevalence of calcium oxalate stones increased with age in both groups and was higher in Han children at each age level. The compositions of urinary stones were significantly different between Uyghur and Han children with urolithiasis, factors such as diet habit, life style, genetic diversity, environmental and medical conditions may all contribute to the variances.

Functional analysis of serum microRNAs miR-21 and miR-106a in renal cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: microRNAs (miRNAs) plays an important role in tumor development and progression and act as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in the carcinogenesis process. miRNA is stable in serum, and recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of using circulating miRNA as biomarkers in cancer patients. However, currently, no serum biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have been reported. Therefore, a new molecular marker for early diagnosis and evaluation of recurrence after surgery is required. Our purpose was to identify miRNA signatures that could distinguish the serum of RCC patients from matched healthy controls and validate identified miRNAs as potential biomarkers for RCC. METHOD: Serum samples from 30 RCC patients were collected before and 1 month after surgery. 30 cancer-free blood donor volunteers with no history of any cancer were recruited from the same institute. miR-21 and miR-106a expression levels were determined by real-time PCR. RESULT: The serum miR-21 level was significantly higher in RCC patients (median, 8.34) than in healthy control individuals (median, 0.70; p= 0.001). A month after surgery, serum miR-21 levels (median, 0.69) were significantly reduced (p= 0.032). The serum miR-106a level was higher in RCC patients (median, 8.99) compared with controls (median, 0.96; p= 0.000), while miR-106a levels (median, 1.01) were reduced a month after surgery (p= 0.028). The expression level of miR-21 and miR-106 a in RCC patients increased significantly, while miR-21 and miR-106a decreased after surgery. This outcome suggests that serum miR-21 and miR-106a expression level was closely related with kidney cancer tissue. CONCLUSION: We conclude that serum miR-21 and miR106a are expected to be molecular markers for RCC.

Differentiation of Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells into Smooth Muscle Cells Is Modulated by CaMKIIγ.

The multifunctional Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is known to participate in maintenance and switches of smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypes. However, which isoform of CaMKII is involved in differentiation of adult mesenchymal stem cells into contractile SMCs remains unclear. In the present study, we detected γ isoform of CaMKII in differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells (hASCs) into SMCs that resulted from treatment with TGF-ß1 and BMP4 in combination for 7 days. The results showed that CaMKIIγ increased gradually during differentiation of hASCs as determined by real-time PCR and western blot analysis. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of CaMKIIγ decreased the protein levels and transcriptional levels of smooth muscle contractile markers (a-SMA, SM22a, calponin, and SM-MHC), while CaMKIIγ overexpression increases the transcriptional and protein levels of smooth muscle contractile markers. These results suggested that γ isoform of CaMKII plays a significant role in smooth muscle differentiation of hASCs.

The application of trocar position adjustment in posterior laparoscopic in the treatment of retrocaval ureter / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To introduce a new trocar position in the posterior laparoscopic for the treatment of retrocaval ureter.Methods From August 2011 to October 2014,5 cases with retrocaval ureter treated with posterior laparoscopic were retrospectively analyzed,including 3 males and 2 females,aged from 15 to 46 years(mean 34 years).The history of disease ranged from 1 to 10 months,with 3 cases presented with low back pain,and 2 cases being detected uronephrosis by check-up.Results All the operations were successfully completed,with the operation duration ranged from 75-125 min (mean 90min),and blood loss ranged from 20ml to 50 ml(mean 35 ml).The average hospital stay was 6 days(5-7d).There was no wound infection or urine leakage.Ureteral double-J tubes were removed 4 weeks after surgery.Postoperative followup ranged from 2 weeks to 6 months (mean 30 months).There was no anastomotic stricture,and the hydronephrosis relieved.Conclusions Trocar position adjustment of posterior laparoscopic in treatment of retrocaval ureter is convenient to operate,which also shortened the time of operation,reduced the difficulty of operation and the surgeons' fatigue.

Circulating miR-106a in serum are potential biomarker for renal cell carcinoma / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To detect the circulating miR-106a levels in serum before and after surgery in patients with renal clear cell carcinoma,and to explore its relationship with clinical-pathological parameters.Methods 30 serum samples from patients with renal clear cell carcinoma were collected before and after surgery during February 2013 to July 2014.This study included 30 normal controls.All serum miR-106a levels were detected using the real-time PCR.Results The serum miR-l06a levels in patients with renal clear cell carcinoma pre-operatively wcre significantly greater than normal controls (Z =-4.251,P =0.0001).The serum miR-106a levels in patients post-operatively had no significant differences compared to normal controls (Z =-0.244,P =0.807).The serum miR-106a levels in post-operative samples were significantly lower than the pre-operative samples (Z =-4.229,P =0.0001).Serum miR-106a levels and other clinical-pathological parameters had no correlation in patients with renal clear cell carcinoma(tumor size:Z =-0.775,P =0.439;Fuhrman grade:Z =-1.694,P =0.090).The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to distinguish pre-operative samples and normal controls,its AUC was 0.819 (95％ CI:0.710-0.929,P =0.0001) with 86.7％ sensitivity and 70.0％ specificity.Conclusions The serum miR-106a levels in patients with renal clear cell carcinoma pre-operatively were significantly greater than post-operatively with no correlation in tumor size and Fuhrman grade.The outcome suggested that serum miR-106a can be regarded as a potential molecular marker in renal clear cell carcinoma.