Effects of treadmill training on combined goserelin acetate and doxorubicin-induced osteopenia in female rats.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined individual and combined effects of the cancer treatments goserelin acetate (GA) and doxorubicin (DOX) on bone and determined if treadmill running (TM) provides osteoprotection. METHODS: Ten-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to sedentary (SED) or TM groups. SED received GA, DOX, combined GA and DOX (GA+DOX), or placebo and maintained normal cage activity. TM received GA, DOX, GA+DOX, or placebo and participated in a progressive motorized treadmill protocol. After 8 weeks, tibiae were evaluated using micro computed tomography. RESULTS: Negative drug effects were observed in cancellous bone (bone volume/tissue volume, trabecular number, trabecular thickness, trabecular spacing; P<0.05). An additive bone volume/tissue volume and trabecular spacing effect was observed in SED GA+DOX (vs. SED+GA and SED+DOX, P<0.05) but not in TM GA+DOX (vs. TM+GA and TM+DOX, P>0.05). Negative drug effects were observed in cortical bone (cross-sectional volume, cortical volume, marrow volume; P<0.05), but combined GA+DOX did not exacerbate these effects. Additionally, there were no protective cortical bone effects observed in TM. CONCLUSIONS: Combined GA+DOX exacerbates cancellous osteopenia in the tibia, and treadmill running provided only minor protection.

Inter- and intra-tester reliability of clinical measurement to determine medio-lateral patellar position using a pachymeter or visual assessment.

The aim was to investigate inter-tester and intra-tester reliability and parallel reliability between a visual assessment method and a method using a pachymeter for locating the mid-point of the patella in determining the medial/lateral patella orientation. Fifteen asymptomatic subjects were assessed and the mid-point of the patella was determined by both methods on two separate occasions two weeks apart. Inter-tester reliability was obtained by ANOVA and by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC); intra-tester reliability was obtained by a paired t-test and ICC; and parallel reliability was obtained by Pearson's Correlation and ICC, for the measurement on the first and second evaluations. There was acceptable inter-tester agreement (p=0.490) and reliability for the visual inspection (ICC=0.747) and for the pachymeter (ICC=0.716) at the second evaluation. The inter-tester reliability in the first evaluation was unacceptable (visual ICC=0.604; pachymeter ICC=0.612). Although there was statistical similarity between measurements for the first and second evaluations for all testers, intra-tester reliability was not acceptable for both methods: visual (examiner 1 ICC=0.175; examiner 2 ICC=0.189; examiner 3 ICC=0.155) and pachymeter (examiner 1 ICC=0.214; examiner 2 ICC=0.246; examiner 3 ICC=0.069). Parallel reliability gave a perfect correlation at the first evaluation (r=0.828; p<0.001) and at the second (r=0.756; p<0.001) and reliability was between acceptable and very good (ICC=[0.748-0.813]). Both visual and pachymeter methods provide reliable and similar medial/lateral patella orientation and are reliable between different examiners, but the results between the two assessments at 2 weeks' interval demonstrated an unacceptable reliability.

Predição da degradação da matéria seca pelo volume de gases utilizando a técnica in vitro semi-automática de produção de gases / Prediction of dry matter degradation from volume of gas production using the in vitro semi-automatic gas production technique

Estimou-se a degradação da matéria seca (DMS) via produção de gases (PG) por meio de equações. Foram agrupados dados de volume de gases e DMS de oito forrageiras (Brachiaria brizantha, Brachiaria decumbens, feno de Cynodon spp, silagem de milho, silagem de milheto, sorgo de corte, capim-elefante e cana-de-açúcar) e de milho em grão. Os dados de DMS obtidos em laboratório foram comparados à DMS obtida pelas equações de regressão. Apesar dos altos coeficientes de determinação, os resultados demonstraram a impossibilidade de estimar a DMS via PG pelas equações geral, de dois e de três pontos.

The dry matter degration (DMD) was estimated through volume of gas produced (GP) during the in vitro fermentation. The DMD from eight forages (Brachiaria brizantha, Brachiaria decumbens, cynodon hay, maize silage, Pennisetum glaucon, sorghum, elephant grass and sugarcane) and corn grain were obtained and were compared with the DMD estimated using regression equations. The results showed the GP can not predict the DMD due to inocula effects, chemical composition of substrate or losses of particles of soluble material during filtration process.

Predição da degradação da matéria seca pelo volume de gases utilizando a técnica in vitro semi-automática de produção de gases / Prediction of dry matter degradation from volume of gas production using the in vitro semi-automatic gas production technique

Estimou-se a degradação da matéria seca (DMS) via produção de gases (PG) por meio de equações. Foram agrupados dados de volume de gases e DMS de oito forrageiras (Brachiaria brizantha, Brachiaria decumbens, feno de Cynodon spp, silagem de milho, silagem de milheto, sorgo de corte, capim-elefante e cana-de-açúcar) e de milho em grão. Os dados de DMS obtidos em laboratório foram comparados à DMS obtida pelas equações de regressão. Apesar dos altos coeficientes de determinação, os resultados demonstraram a impossibilidade de estimar a DMS via PG pelas equações geral, de dois e de três pontos.(AU)

The dry matter degration (DMD) was estimated through volume of gas produced (GP) during the in vitro fermentation. The DMD from eight forages (Brachiaria brizantha, Brachiaria decumbens, cynodon hay, maize silage, Pennisetum glaucon, sorghum, elephant grass and sugarcane) and corn grain were obtained and were compared with the DMD estimated using regression equations. The results showed the GP can not predict the DMD due to inocula effects, chemical composition of substrate or losses of particles of soluble material during filtration process.(AU)

Comparação de substratos com diferentes quantidades de carboidratos solúveis utilizando a técnica in vitro semi-automática de produção de gases / Comparison among substrates with different soluble carbohydrates concentration using the in vitro semi-automatic gas production technique

Estudou-se a diferença entre a produção de gases (PG) e a degradação da matéria seca (DMS) para substratos com diferentes quantidades de carboidratos solúveis avaliados pela técnica in vitro de produção de gases. Foram utilizados cinco substratos (cana-de-açúcar, silagem de milho, capim-colonião, milho em grão e ração comercial para vacas em lactação) antes e após a retirada parcial dos carboidratos solúveis (lavados). A PG foi maior e a DMS menor para o material lavado. A concentração de carboidratos solúveis influenciou os resultados obtidos pela técnica de produção de gases.

The difference between the gas production (GP) and the dry matter degradation (DMD) of substrates with different amounts of soluble carbohydrates using the in vitro gas production technique was studied. Five substrates (sugarcane, maize silage, Panicum maximum grass, corn grain, 20 percent CP commercial lactating cow ration and soybean meal) and the same substrates with part of its soluble carbohydrate removed (washed materials) were evaluated. The GP was higher and DMD was lower for washed materials than for the original materials. The carbohydrate concentration affects the results of the gas production technique.

Comparação de substratos com diferentes quantidades de carboidratos solúveis utilizando a técnica in vitro semi-automática de produção de gases / Comparison among substrates with different soluble carbohydrates concentration using the in vitro semi-automatic gas production technique

Estudou-se a diferença entre a produção de gases (PG) e a degradação da matéria seca (DMS) para substratos com diferentes quantidades de carboidratos solúveis avaliados pela técnica in vitro de produção de gases. Foram utilizados cinco substratos (cana-de-açúcar, silagem de milho, capim-colonião, milho em grão e ração comercial para vacas em lactação) antes e após a retirada parcial dos carboidratos solúveis (lavados). A PG foi maior e a DMS menor para o material lavado. A concentração de carboidratos solúveis influenciou os resultados obtidos pela técnica de produção de gases.(AU)

The difference between the gas production (GP) and the dry matter degradation (DMD) of substrates with different amounts of soluble carbohydrates using the in vitro gas production technique was studied. Five substrates (sugarcane, maize silage, Panicum maximum grass, corn grain, 20 percent CP commercial lactating cow ration and soybean meal) and the same substrates with part of its soluble carbohydrate removed (washed materials) were evaluated. The GP was higher and DMD was lower for washed materials than for the original materials. The carbohydrate concentration affects the results of the gas production technique.(AU)

Ophthalmic drops causing coma in an infant.

A 1-month-old infant with Peters anomaly had recurrent episodes of unresponsiveness, hypotension, hypotonia, hypothermia, and bradycardia. An extensive medical evaluation determined these episodes to be caused by brimonidine, an anti-glaucoma agent. There is the potential for serious toxic effects from the systemic absorption of topically applied ophthalmic agents in children.

Depresión postparto: prevalencia y factores de riesgo / Postpartum depression: prevalence and risk factors

Se solicitó a 103 puérperas que respondieran a los 3 días de postparto un instrumento con datos biográficos, la escala de Graffar de nivel socioeconómico, la escala de Hamilton para depresión mayor (HAM-D) y la escala de Edimburgo para depresión postparto (EDPE). Se logró seguir a 43 de ellas repitiendo la aplicación de las escalas para depresión a las 12 semanas. Se obtuvo, con las 103 puérperas una prevalencia de depresión mayor al terer día postparto de 3,9 por ciento con HAM-D y de 27,2 por ciento con EDPE, mientras que en la muestra de 43 mujeres se obtuvo una prevalencia a los 3 días de 4,6 por ciento con HAM-D y de 19 por ciento con EDPE y, a las 12 semanas, de 27,9 por ciento y 48 por ciento respectivamente. La incidencia de depresión mayor a las 12 semanas correspondió a un 23,2 por ciento con HAM-D y 32,5 por ciento con EDPE. Por otro lado se encontraron factores asociados en forma significativa con la depresión postparto: embarazo inesperado, tener 3 hijos o más, ausencia del padre, parto vaginal eutópico, dificultades con el padre y ser madre soltera. El puntaje en la EDPE al tercer día postparto se correlacionó positivamente (r=0,5) con el puntaje a las 12 semanas postparto

A negociacao coletiva como forma de prevencao de acidentes do trabalho. / Collective negotiation as a way to prevent occupational accidents

Considerando a convencao coletiva de trabalho como forma legitima para conter normas sobre prevencao de acidentes laborais, sao relatadas algumas normas legais de Seguranca e Medicina do Trabalho. Basicamente e sugerida maior participacao dos sindicatos na prevencao de acidentes, atraves de convencoes e acordos coletivos

1° Jornada sobre violencia familiar: noviazgos violentos, violencia conyugal y abuso y maltrato infantil

Invitación a la jornada, donde participan talleres de violencia familiar, abuso y maltrato infantil, violencia conyugal, aspectos legales de la violencia familiar, y de prevención de noviazgos violentos

1° Jornada sobre violencia familiar: noviazgos violentos, violencia conyugal y abuso y maltrato infantil

Invitación a la jornada, donde participan talleres de violencia familiar, abuso y maltrato infantil, violencia conyugal, aspectos legales de la violencia familiar, y de prevención de noviazgos violentos