RESUMO
UNLABELLED: Food behaviour is acquired in childhood and is very defficult to be changed latterly in adulthood. The aim of this study was to evaluate if food behaviour and other health habits were in accordance with the nutrition knowledge of a sample of University students from different Health Sciences Careers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We studied 105 students (aged 21 +/- 2 years) from San Pablo-CEU University (Madrid); 21 where studying Nursing (N), 32 Pharmacy (Ph); 34 Nutrition and dietetics (ND) and 18 were students of Podology (P), all of them had been studying Nutrition as subject during 2003-2004 academic year. All the students filled a questionnaire about health habits and some body image perceptions, diet was evaluated by a 3 day diet record and nutrition knowledge by a 20 questions test. Height and weight were measured using standard procedures. RESULTS: ND students believed they had a medium-high level of nutrition knowledge while Pharmacy and nursing students believed they had a medium-low level and the podology ones had the perception to have a low level of knowledge in the subject. Results of test were in accordance with those perceptions as highest records were obtained by the Nutrition students. Nevertheless very few differences were found in the diet of the four populations. Mean energy intake was similar in the four groups, deficiencies (<80% RDA) were observed in fibre, magnesium, folic acid and vitamin E. About body image, 67% of total population had a BMI of 19-25, no differences were appreciated between groups. Male self-reported weight and height were closer to real than those from women, who underestimated weight (p < 0.05) and overestimated height. No differences were observed between healthy living habits (tobacco, alcohol and physical activity) in the four populations. CONCLUSION: Even if N students believed and showed to have a better nutrition knowledge, no changes in food behaviour or other health habits were found. Improving knowledge does not necessary imply change in food habits.
Assuntos
Comportamento Alimentar , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição , Estudantes , Adulto , Imagem Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Ingestão de Energia , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Espanha , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido el evaluar si los hábitos alimentarios y de otros estilos de vida se comportan de acuerdo a los conocimientos que se tienen sobre nutrición y dietética. Sujetos y métodos: Se estudiaron 105 alumnos (21 ± 2 años) de la Universidad San Pablo CEU correspondientes a cuatro titulaciones sanitarias: enfermería (E, n =21),Farmacia (F, n=32), Nutrición Humana y Dietética (N,n=34) y Podología (P, n=18). Todos cursaron la asignatura de nutrición y dietética durante el curso 2003-2004.Los alumnos cumplimentaron un registro dietético y un cuestionario de conocimientos, hábitos alimentarios y estilos de vida. También se obtuvieron datos reales y estimados sobre el peso y la talla. Resultados: La ingesta media de energía y nutrientes fue similar en los cuatro grupos de estudio, observándose deficiencias en energía, fibra, magnesio, ácido fólico y vitamina E. La distribución de la población de acuerdo al IMC fue también similar en las cuatro titulaciones, estando la mayor parte de la población (67%) en el rango de normopeso. Cabe destacar que los hombres estimaban correctamente el peso y la talla, mientras que las mujeres sobreestimaban la talla y subestimaban el peso, de forma significativa en el caso de P. Los alumnos de N afirmaban tener unos conocimientos medios-altos de nutrición, mientras que F y E bajos-medios y P bajos, lo que se corroboró con un mayor número de aciertos de N ante preguntas sobre alimentos a considerar y quitar en una dieta de adelgazamiento y composición nutricional de la dieta. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre titulaciones en hábitos alimentarios y estilos de vida. Conclusión: A pesar de que los alumnos de N tenían mejores conocimientos de nutrición, los hábitos alimentarios y estilos de vida eran semejantes a los alumnos de otras titulaciones, lo que demuestra que el conocimiento de nutrición no implica necesariamente cambios hacia una dieta y estilos de vida más saludables (AU)
Food behaviour is acquired in childhood and is very difficult to be changed latterly in adulthood. The aim of this study was to evaluate if food behaviour and other health habits were in accordance with the nutrition knowledge of a sample of University students from different Health Sciences Careers. Subjects and methods: We studied 105 students (aged 21 ± 2 years) from San Pablo-CEU University (Madrid); 21 where studying Nursing (N), 32 Pharmacy (Ph); 34 Nutrition and dietetics (ND) and 18 were students of Podology (P), all of them had been studying Nutrition as subject during 2003-2004 academic year. All the students filled a questionnaire about health habits and some body image perceptions, diet was evaluated by a 3 day diet record and nutrition knowledge by a 20 questions test. Height and weight were measured using standard procedures. Results: ND students believed they had a medium-high level of nutrition knowledge while Pharmacy and nursing students believed they had a medium-low level and the podology ones had the perception to have a low level of knowledge in the subject. Results of test were in accordance with those perceptions as highest records were obtained by the Nutrition students. Nevertheless very few differences were found in the diet of the four populations. Mean energy intake was similar in the four groups, deficiencies(<80% RDA) were observed in fibre, magnesium, folic acid and vitamin E. About body image, 67% of total population had a BMI of 19-25, no differences were appreciated between groups. Male self-reported weight and height were closer to real than those from women, who underestimated weight (p <0.05) and overestimated height. No differences were observed between healthy living habits (tobacco, alcohol and physical activity) in the four populations. Conclusion: Even if N students believed and showed to have a better nutrition knowledge, no changes in food behaviour or other health habits were found. Improving knowledge does not necessary imply change in food habits (AU)
Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Comportamento Alimentar , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Estudantes , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição , Imagem Corporal , Ingestão de Energia , Exercício Físico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Espanha , Índice de Massa CorporalRESUMO
Neural tube defects (NTD) are serious congenital abnormalities that have a multifactorial etiology, including both genetic and environmental effectors (for example, diet and/or drugs). Valproic acid (VPA) is a frequently used anti-epileptic drug that has a potentially teratogenic character, as well as the capacity for inducing NTD and other less serious malformations. However, the mechanism of action of VPA has not been clearly established, and it has been suggested that it interferes in the folate cycle and therefore, with the methionine/methylation, possibly through a metabolic blocking of some biomarker that is a key of the cycle, such as for example S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and folic acid (FA). The objective of the present study is to analyze the morphological and histological changes, which can occur in a high risk experimental model after the administration of VPA as well as for the induction of NTD and other malformations. In addition, the protective roles of the administration of folic acid, 5-formyltetrahydrofolate (FOL) and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) are assessed. For this pregnant "Wistar" rats classified according to the following treatments: 1) VPA (300 mg/kg/day on days 8, 9, and 10 of the pregnancy); II) VPA (300 mg/kg/day on days 8, 9, and 10 of the pregnancy) and FOL (4 mg/kg/day i.p. on days 8, 9, and 10 of the pregnancy); III) VPA (300 mg/kg/day on days 8, 9, and 10 of the pregnancy) + SAM (10 mg/kg/day, on days 1-10 of the pregnancy); IV) CONTROL (no treatment). VPA decreases the fertility index by 25% compared to the control group, it increases the number of reabsorptions by mother (1.3 +/- 0.5 vs 1.0 +/- 0.5), and decreases the number of fetuses compared to the control (9.0 +/- 1.4 vs. 12.6 +/- 0.9). In the VPA + FOL group, the numbers for these parameters approach those of the control group and the VPA + SAM group is no different from the VPA group, showing no protective factors. With respect to the bone alterations observed, when these are grouped according to whether they affect the skull, trunk, and extremities, it is seen that there are no significant differences between the groups. The histological study and the immunohistochemical analysis show liver alterations in all groups treated, and a lower number of lymphocytes in the VPA group, and a greater number of Kupffer cells, The results are discussed in relation to, first, the effect of VPA per se in the interference of the methionine/methylation cycle, and secondly, with regard to how folic acid and/or S-adenosylmethionine can improve or not some of the harmful effects induced by VPA.
