Racial disparities in the incidence and survival outcomes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in adolescents and young adults.

Diffuse large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The disease generally occurs in older patients. Although at a lower prevalence, the disease also occurs in the adolescent and young adult group (AYA). There is paucity of data in the literature on racial and ethnic disparities in the incidence and survival outcomes of DLBCL in the AYA group. The objective of our study is to demonstrate the disparities in these outcomes. Utilizing SEER, we obtained data on patient demographics, incidence, and survival from 2000 to 2020. We observed statistically significant reduced incidence of DLBCL in all racial groups, except the non-Hispanic Asian and Pacific Islander group (NHAPI). The non-Hispanic Black group (NHB) had one of the lowest survival despite showing the largest decrease in incidence in DLBCL. The differences in the survival could be secondary to socioeconomic factors, however other reasons need to be explored. The increased incidence among the NHAPI group mirrors that of large population-based studies in East Asian countries, however, underlying reasons have not been elucidated.

A snapshot of lung cancer: where are we now?-a narrative review.

Background and Objective: The global impact of cancer and cancer-related deaths has been a huge challenge and continues to be a setback in the health sector and beyond even in recent times. Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally with lung cancer (LC) being the second most prevalent malignancy and the leading cause of mortality amongst cancers in men and women worldwide. LC still constitutes a major burden despite recent advances in diagnostic and treatment tools. In this article, we review the trends in LC with an emphasis on non-small cell LC. We aimed to identify nuclear and mitochondrial genetic alterations, microbiome dysbiosis, and their significance in non-small cell LC tumorigenesis as well as its relevance in the future management of LCs. Methods: We identified studies for this review by searching the PubMed, Cochrane, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) databases for English-Language articles published from January 1, 2000 through to July 30, 2022, using keywords: lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, early detection, treatment, mitochondria, microbiome and epigenetics. Key Content and Findings: This review will highlight the genomic environment, mitochondrial and nuclear alterations that play a role in the etiopathogenesis of LC and its application in the progression as well as management of the disease. We also elaborate on current molecular tumor biomarkers and their therapeutic targets. Conclusions: LC remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally with poor prognosis despite available treatment options and even recent advances in both diagnostic tools and management guidelines. Human nuclear and mitochondrial alterations clearly play a role in tumorigenesis and progressive genomic evolution is crucial in the early carcinogenesis of LC which is strongly influenced by host immune surveillance. It is imperative that more research and clinical trials be undertaken to appreciate an in-depth understanding of LC from the molecular level to facilitate the discovery of more targeted therapy and overall better management of LC.