RESUMO
When hairless NCN24 mice with atopic dermatitis (AD) were sprayed with a petroleum-containing alkaline salt spring water rich in metaboric acid and sodium bicarbonate, AD symptoms diminished. Reversed-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection (HPLC/FD) and online MS revealed that fatty acid (FA) composition of the skin surface lipids was similar to that in non-AD mice compared with that in AD mice. Strong negative correlations were noted between the levels of total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and palmitoleic acid and between the levels of total serum IgE and branched-hexadecanoic acid. Conversely, a strong positive correlation was noted between the levels of total serum IgE and linoleic acid. The present study demonstrates that the petroleum-containing spring water alters the FA composition of skin surface lipids in AD mice, which can be used as an index to evaluate inflammation.
Assuntos
Dermatite Atópica/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Fontes Termais , Petróleo , Pele/metabolismo , Animais , Dermatite Atópica/sangue , Dermatite Atópica/induzido quimicamente , Dinitrofluorbenzeno , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos PeladosRESUMO
The level of radioactive cesium (the sum of (134)cesium (Cs) and (137)Cs) was investigated in total diet samples collected from adults living in the Sapporo area, Hokkaido. They were ashed, and examined with a germanium semiconductor detector. The maximum and average radioactivities of cesium in an indivividual's daily food intake were as follows: 1.0 Bq and 0.24 Bq in July 2011, 1.3 Bq and 0.30 Bq in November 2011, 3.9 Bq and 1.0 Bq in February 2012, and 0.34 Bq and 0.12 Bq in July 2012, respectively. The committed effective dose would be 0.022 mSv/year in the case of continued intake of meals containing the maximum cesium concentration.
Assuntos
Radioisótopos de Césio/análise , Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Análise de Alimentos/métodos , Contaminação Radioativa de Alimentos/análise , Inocuidade dos Alimentos/métodos , Adulto , Ingestão de Alimentos , Análise de Alimentos/instrumentação , Acidente Nuclear de Fukushima , Humanos , Japão , Monitoramento de Radiação/métodos , Liberação Nociva de Radioativos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
A switching median filter is effective for impulse noise elimination while preserving edges and details of an image. In the switching median filter an impulse noise detector is employed before filtering, and the detection result is used to control whether a pixel should be filtered or not. However, the conventional impulse detector tends to misjudge noise-free pixels constructing line structures to be the noises. We propose a new random-valued impulse noise detector based on the minimum spanning tree, and it is applied to the switching median filtering to eliminate the impulse noise effectively even for the image including line structures. Through the experiments, the effectiveness of the proposed random-valued impulse noise detector is illustrated.
RESUMO
A simple multilevel halftoning method, which is based on the conventional error diffusion method and realizes halftoning excelled in the distribution of dots, is proposed. The proposed method consists of three steps, e.g., the image decomposition, the generation of binary halftone images by the error diffusion, and the synthesis of a multilevel halftone image, and each step does not require a complicated algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed method is indicated by applying it to three- and four-level halftoning of gray-tone and natural images.