[A Case of Pharyngolaryngitis Requiring Hospitalization during Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer].

A 45-year-old woman underwent primary systemic therapy for left breast cancer(cT1N1M0, cStage ⅡA, Luminal B [HER2-positive]). She received EC therapy(epirubicin 90mg/m2, and cyclophosphamide 900mg/m2). On the 4th and 5th day of the third EC cycle, she developed sore throat and a fever of over 38℃, and was not able to consume anything orally. She visited our hospital and underwent a laryngeal endoscopy on the 8th day of the third EC cycle, which revealed severe inflammation of her pharynx and larynx. Viral pharyngolaryngitis was suspected and hence, she was admitted to our hospital. She developed laryngeal edema after hospitalization, for which hydrocortisone was administered. She was discharged from the hospital when her symptoms improved.

Contractile elements and their sympathetic regulations in the pig urinary bladder: a species and regional comparative study.

Contractile behaviour of the urinary bladder and its sympathetic inhibition during storage phases are not well understood. Here, we explore muscularis mucosae (MM) as a predominant mucosal contractile element and the capability of sympathetic nerves to relax detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) or MM. Distribution of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-immunoreactive cells was compared in pig, human, guinea pig, rat and mouse bladders by immunohistochemistry, while contractility of the bladder mucosa was compared in these species by isometric tension recordings. In pig, human and guinea pig bladders, DSM and MM located in the lamina propria expressed α-SMA immunoreactivity, while both rat and mouse bladders lacked a MM. Consistent with this presence or absence of MM, bladder mucosa of pig, human and guinea pig but not rat and mouse developed spontaneous phasic contractions (SPCs). Distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive sympathetic nerve fibres was compared in pig DSM, MM, trigone and urethra, as were their sympathetic nerve-evoked contractile/relaxing responses examined. In pig DSM or MM, where TH-immunoreactive sympathetic fibres exclusively projected to the vasculature, sympathetic relaxations were difficult to demonstrate. In contrast, sympathetic contractions were invariably evoked in pig trigone and urethra where the smooth muscle cells receive TH-immunoreactive sympathetic innervations. Thus, SPCs of bladder mucosa appear to predominantly arise from the MM displaying species differences. Despite the currently accepted concept of sympathetic nerve-mediated DSM relaxation during the storage phase, it is unlikely that neurally released noradrenaline acts on ß-adrenoceptors to relax either DSM or MM due to the anatomical lack of sympathetic innervation.