RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Right Ventricular Dysfunction (RVD) is the most frequent intraoperative hemodynamic complication in Heart Transplantation (HTx). RVD occurs in 0.04-1.0% of cardiac surgeries with cardiotomy and in 20-50% of HTx, with mortality up to 75%. No consensus has been established for how anesthesiologists should manage RVD, with management methods many times remaining unvalidated. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, to create an anesthetic protocol to manage RVD in HTx, using databases that include PubMed and Embase, until September 2018 based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The articles screening for the systematic review were done two independent reviewers, in case of discrepancy, we consulted a third independent reviewer. Based on the systematic review, the anesthetic protocol was developed. The instrument selected to perform the validation of the protocol was AGREE II, for this purpose expert anesthetists were recruited to do this process. The minimum arbitration score for domains validation cutoff of AGREE II is arbitered to 70%. This study was registered at PROSPERO (115600). RESULTS: In the systematic review, 152 articles were included. We present the protocol in a flowchart with six steps based on goal-directed therapy, invasive monitoring, and transesophageal echocardiogram. Six experts judged the protocol and validated it. CONCLUSION: The protocol has been validated by experts and new studies are needed to assess its applicability and potential benefits on major endpoints.
Assuntos
Anestesia/métodos , Protocolos Clínicos , Transplante de Coração/métodos , Complicações Intraoperatórias/fisiopatologia , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Guias de Prática Clínica como AssuntoRESUMO
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Rabdomiólise é a lesão do músculo esquelético com liberação dos constituintes da célula para o plasma. Exercício exaustivo e extenuante, especialmente em homens não condicionados, pode resultar em morbidade maior com hiperpotassemia, acidose metabólica, coagulação intravascular disseminada, síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo e rabdomiólise. Tem sido sugerido que hipertermia maligna, choque térmico e rabdomiólise induzida por exercício são síndromes fortemente relacionadas. O objetivo deste relato é descrever um caso de rabdomiólise fulminante após exercício físico e a correlação do quadro com hipertermia maligna. RELATO DO CASO: Homem de 32 anos apresentou mal estar seguido de síncope após correr 2.350 m em prova de aptidão física. Foi levado ao hospital, evoluiu com insuficiência respiratória, bradiarritmia, hipotensão arterial e parada cardiocirculatória. Foi reanimado, ficou comatoso, com importante rigidez muscular, choque persistente, distúrbio de coagulação, acidose metabólica, hiperpotassemia, evoluindo para óbito em menos de 24 horas. A autópsia revelou edema agudo de pulmão, coagulação intravascular disseminada e insuficiência renal aguda conseqüente a rabdomiólise. CONCLUSÕES: Tem sido sugerido que rabdomiólise induzida por exercício e hipertermia maligna são síndromes fortemente relacionadas. O paciente evoluiu para óbito antes de qualquer investigação específica para hipertermia maligna. No entanto, é importante pesquisar a susceptibilidade para esta síndrome em seus familiares a fim de evitar eventos anestésicos com potencial risco para a vida
Assuntos
Masculino , Adulto , Progressão da Doença , Exercício Físico , Hipertermia Maligna , Rabdomiólise/complicações , Rabdomiólise/etiologia , Rabdomiólise/mortalidade , Síndromes Compartimentais/etiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Rhabdomyolysis is a skeletal muscle injury with cell components' release to plasma. Exhaustive exercise, especially in non-conditioned individuals, may result in severe morbidity such as hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute respiratory distress syndrome and rhabdomyolysis. It has been suggested that malignant hyperthermia, thermal shock and exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis are closely related syndromes. This report aimed at describing a case of fatal rhabdomyolysis after physical exercise and its correlation with malignant hyperthermia. CASE REPORT: Male patient, 32 year-old, presented with discomfort followed by syncope after running 2,350 m in a fitness race. Patient was taken to the hospital, evolved with respiratory failure, bradyarrhythmia, arterial hypotension and cardiac arrest, being resuscitated. Nevertheless, patient became comatose with severe muscle stiffness, persistent shock, coagulation problems, metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia and died less than 24 hours later. Autopsy findings revealed rhabdomyolysis-induced acute pulmonary edema, disseminated intravascular coagulation and acute renal failure. CONCLUSIONS: It has been suggested that malignant hyperthermia and exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis are closely related syndromes. Patient died before any specific investigation of malignant hyperthermia, but it is important to look for susceptibility for this syndrome within the family to avoid potentially life-threatening anesthetic events.
