Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke-The Role of Interventional Cardiologists: A Prospective Single-Center Study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the safety and outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) performed at a stroke center by interventional cardiologists (ICs) compared with other interventionists. The primary endpoint was functional independence of stroke survivors (modified Rankin scale score 0-2) at 3 months. The secondary endpoints included recanalization rate, reduction in stroke severity, and 3-month mortality. BACKGROUND: MT is a validated treatment for large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke. Incorporating ICs with their infrastructure into a comprehensive stroke team may increase the accessibility of this therapy. METHODS: In this single-center, prospective study, we included 248 ischemic stroke patients (mean age 68 ± 13 years, 48% women) with confirmed large vessel occlusion. The procedures were performed by ICs (n = 80), vascular surgeons (n = 116), and neuroradiologists (n = 52). RESULTS: Functional independence after 3 months was similar between patients operated by cardiologists and other specialists (modified Rankin scale score 0-2 in 44% vs 55%; P = 0.275). Similarly, the mortality rate at 3 months did not differ (28% vs 31%; P = 0.585). Procedures performed by cardiologists took longer than those performed by other specialists (120 minutes vs 105 minutes; P = 0.020). A percentage of procedures with angiographic success (TICI [Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction] grade 2b or 3) was lower when performed by cardiologists (55.7% vs 71.7%; P = 0.013), but the change in stroke severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score after 24 hours) was similar. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular treatment in stroke provided by interventional cardiologists in cooperation with noninvasive stroke specialists is noninferior to procedures performed by the other endovascular specialists. Mortality and functional independence after 3 months are similar regardless of an interventionist performing the procedure.

The effect of atrial fibrillation on the safety and efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy in patients with stroke.

INTRODUCTION: The association between atrial fibrillation (AF) and the outcome of mechanical throm­bectomy (MT) in patients with stroke has not been determined so far. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the effect of AF on the efficacy and safety of MT in patients with stroke and to investigate the association between prior anticoagulation and symptomatic intracranial bleeding (ICB). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent MT for stroke were enrolled. The effect of AF on the safety and efficacy of MT was assessed. Clinical data of patients were retrospectively collected. Neurologic status was evaluated on day 1 and 2 after stroke using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale. Functional status was assessed at 10, 30, and 90 days using the modified Rankin Scale. RESULTS: We enrolled 417 patients with stroke (mean age, 70 years), including 108 patients (25.89%) with AF. Patients with AF were older than those without AF (mean [SD] age, 73.77 [8.97] years and 65.70 [18.88] years, respectively; P <0.01). The percentage of patients with poor functional status at 10, 30, and 90 days after stroke was higher among patients with AF than among those without AF. There were no significant differences between groups in the rate of ICB or death. Age, neurologic status, and the Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score had the strongest effect on the functional status. The use of nticoagulant therapy before stroke did not significantly increase the risk of symptomatic ICB after MT, also in patients with an international normalized ratio in the therapeutic range. CONCLUSIONS: Atrial fibrillation does not affect MT outcomes in patients with acute stroke. Age, the de­gree of postinterventional reperfusion, and neurologic status in ultra ­acute stroke are the strongest predictors of poor functional status.

The usefulness of telemedicine devices in patients with severe heart failure with an implanted cardiac resynchronization therapy system during two years of observation.

BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) remains a disease with a poor prognosis. Telemonitoring is a medical service aimed at remote monitoring of patients. AIM: The study aimed to identify the clinical relevance of non-invasive telemonitoring devices in HF patients. METHODS: Sixty patients aged 66.1 (11) years, with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 26.3 (6.8)% underwent cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) implantation. They were randomly allocated to the control (standard medical care) or study (standard medical care + telemonitoring device) groups. During the follow-up (24 months), the patients in the study group provided body mass and blood pressure, along with electrocardiogram on a daily basis. The data were transferred to themonitoring center and consulted with a cardiologist. Transthoracic echocardiography and a 6-minute walk test were performed before and 24 months after CRT implantation. RESULTS: During the two-year observation, the composite endpoint (death or HF hospitalization) occurred in 21 patients, more often in the control group (46.8% vs. 21.4%; P = 0.026). Inunivariate analysis: the use of telemetry (hazard ratio [HR], 0.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.07-0.7; P=0.004), thepresence of coronary heart disease (HR, 41.4; 95% CI, 3.1-567.7; P=0.005), hypertension (HR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.07-0.90; P = 0.035), and patient's body mass (HR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.14-0.92; P = 0.03) were related to the occurrence of the composite endpoint. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a telemonitoring device in CRT recipients improved theprognosis in2-year observation and contributed to the reduction of HF hospitalization.

Clinical and Non-Clinical Determinants of the Effect of Mechanical Thrombectomy and Post-Stroke Functional Status of Patients in Short and Long-Term Follow-Up.

To date, inconsistent results evaluating the effect of parameters on mechanical thrombectomy (MT) outcomes in stroke-patients have been published. This study aimed to identify the key parameters for functional status after MT in stroke-patients in short and long-term follow-up. METHOD: The study analysis focused on the relevance of selected clinical and non-clinical parameters to the functional status of the patients after MT. RESULTS: 417 stroke-patients (mean age 67.8 ± 13.2 years) were qualified. Atrial fibrillation, and leukocytosis were significant for the neurological status on the first day of stroke (p = 0.036, and p = 0.0004, respectively). The parameters with the strongest effect on the functional status on day 10 were: age (p = 0.009), NIHSS (p = 0.002), hyperglycemia (p = 0.009), the result in TICI (p = 0.046), and first pass effect (p = 0.043). The parameters with the strongest effect on the functional status on day 365 were: age and NIHSS on the first day of stroke (p = 0.0002 and 0.002, respectively). Leukocytosis and the neurological status at baseline were key parameters associated with ICB after MT (p = 0.007 and p = 0.003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Age and neurological status in the ultra-acute phase of stroke are crucial for the functional status in short and long-term observations of patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy. Atrial fibrillation, hyperglycemia, and inflammatory state are relevant to the short-term post-stroke functional status. First pass effect and the degree of post-interventional reperfusion are important technical parameters to the short-term functional status. Neurological status and white blood count during the acute phase are associated with a high rate of post-procedural intracranial bleeding.