[The place of fasting therapy in the treatment of hypertension]. / Mesto razgruzochno-dieticheskoi terapii v lechenii gipertonicheskoi bolezni.

The study of changes in cardiovascular system and its regulation mechanisms occurring in 150 hypertension stage II patients on fasting diet has established the following phenomena: inhibition of the basic metabolism and generation of energy leading to low activity of central mechanisms regulating hemodynamics and reduced adaptability of such mechanisms, weakening of sympathetic influences on the myocardium and smooth muscle cells of the resistant vessels, their reduced contractility as a result of decreased calcium concentration and energy production in the cells.

[Changes in clinical-instrumental parameters in patients with mitral stenosis after balloon catheterization valvuloplasty of the mitral valve]. / Izmeneniia kliniko-instrumental'nykh pokazatelei u bol'nykh mitral'nym stenozom posle kateternoi ballonnoi val'vuloplastiki mitral'nogo klapana.

The results of mitral valvuloplasty using a balloon catheter were presented for 104 patients with mitral stenosis. Instrumental measurements and clinical symptoms were evaluated before the operation, 6 and 12 months after it (62 and 42 patients, respectively). The balloon dilatation has increased mitral orifice from 120.5 +/- 5.8 to 333.88 +/- 7.45 mm2, transmitral diastolic pressure gradient decreased from 22 +/- 1 to 7.91 +/- 0.6 mm Hg. All the patients benefited clinically: cough, blood spitting, lower limb edemas, protodiastolic murmur disappeared, dyspnea noticeably reduced. NYHA functional class I-II was established in 85% of the patients. The highest effect was achieved in patients with isolated mitral stenosis.

[Organization and methodology of the process of examinations in internal diseases in higher education]. / Organizatsiia i metodika priema ékzamenov po vnutrennim bolezniam v vysshei skhole.

The authors developed a system for examinations at the stage of postgraduate advanced training for therapists which included fundamental and practical classes. Fundamental classes are presented with certain tests with regard to the curriculum while the practical ones are based on the evaluation of professional clinical skill demonstrated at the examination of the patient. The developed system is realized with the help of computerized programmes CM-4. High objectivity and the wide spectrum of the programme evidence the practicability of the methods developed in the evaluation of knowledge in therapists.

[The metabolism of eicosanoids, glucocorticoids and cyclic nucleotides in young people with acute pneumonia]. / Metabolizm éikozanoidov, gliukokortikoidov i tsiklicheskikh nukleotidov u molodykh liudei s ostroi pnevmoniei.

An investigation into the pathogenesis of acute pneumonia in 37 young men made it possible to ascertain the role of arachidonic acid metabolites and hormonal regulation in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory reaction in acute bacterial pneumonia. At the initial stage of inflammation, invasion of the infectious agent leads to phagocytosis activation, stimulates the output of immunoglobulins belonging to different classes, which, binding antigens, form immune complexes influencing the output of biologically active substances. This is accompanied by the destruction of pulmonary tissue, release of lipid peroxidation radicals and proteinases, by the enhancement of arachidonic acid degradation under the destructive action on the membranes of phospholipase A2 cells to form prostaglandins participating in the changes in the tone of bronchi, pulmonary vessels and affecting blood coagulation. Activation of the hypophyseo-adrenal system leads to the attenuation of the effects produced by biologically active substances and exerts varying actions in the acute and convalescence periods. The data obtained stress an important role played by metabolic functions of the lungs in the integrative connections of all the systems of the body maintaining homeostasis in pneumonia and the main function of the lungs, namely ventilation.

[Exogenous and endogenous risk factors in the development of nonspecific lung diseases in young people]. / Ekzogennye i éndogennye faktory riska v razvitii nespetsificheskikh zabolevanii legkikh u lits molodogo vozrasta.

An organized community numbering 900 normal subjects aged 18 to 19 years were examined. Acute pneumonia was encountered in 15% of persons of the group under study per year. To identify persons with premorbid condition of nonspecific pulmonary diseases, anamnestic screening and outpatient examinations (microbiological and immunologic studies) were performed. As a result, the group constituted by subjects at risk for disease accounted for 18.6%, whereas S. pneumoniae was found in 44.9%. The immunologic findings were compared to the data obtained in the anamnestic screening. It was inferred that certain anamnestic signs correlated with the immune status. The leading factor in the formation of the premorbid condition lies in integral shifts in the immunologic system during adaptation. It follows from the data obtained that persons with risk factors need immune correction.