Risk of HBV reactivation in patients with B-cell lymphomas receiving obinutuzumab or rituximab immunochemotherapy.

Risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation was assessed in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients with resolved HBV infection (hepatitis B surface antigen negative, hepatitis B core antibody positive) who received obinutuzumab- or rituximab-containing immunochemotherapy in the phase 3 GOYA and GALLIUM studies. HBV DNA monitoring was undertaken monthly to 1 year after the last dose of study drug. In case of HBV reactivation (confirmed, HBV DNA ≥29 IU/mL), immunochemotherapy was withheld and nucleos(t)ide analog treatment (preemptive NAT) started. Immunochemotherapy was restarted if HBV DNA became undetectable or reactivation was not confirmed, and discontinued if HBV DNA exceeded 100 IU/mL on NAT. Prophylactic NAT was allowed by investigator discretion. Among 326 patients with resolved HBV infection, 27 (8.2%) had HBV reactivation, occurring a median of 125 days (interquartile range, 85-331 days) after the first dose. In 232 patients without prophylactic NAT, 25 (10.8%) had HBV reactivation; all received preemptive NAT. Ninety-four patients received prophylactic NAT; 2 (2.1%) had HBV reactivation. No patients developed HBV-related hepatitis. On multivariate Cox analysis, detectable HBV DNA at baseline was strongly associated with an increased risk of reactivation (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 18.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.04-54.93; P < .0001). Prophylactic NAT was strongly associated with a reduced risk (adjusted HR, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.02-0.41; P = .0018). HBV DNA monitoring-guided preemptive NAT was effective in preventing HBV-related hepatitis during anti-CD20-containing immunochemotherapy in B-cell NHL patients with resolved HBV infection. Antiviral prophylaxis was also effective and may be appropriate for high-risk patients. These trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01287741 (GOYA) and NCT01332968 (GALLIUM).

Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of shorter duration of infusion of obinutuzumab in Japanese patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: final results of the phase II GATS study.

BACKGROUND: Shorter duration of infusion of monoclonal antibody treatments may reduce treatment burden and improve healthcare resource utilization. METHODS: This phase II study recruited Japanese patients with previously untreated CD20+ B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Patients received intravenous obinutuzumab 1000 mg by regular infusion on Days 1, 8 and 15 of Cycle 1, followed by 90-min shorter duration of infusion in up to seven subsequent cycles, provided they received ≥3 regular infusions without any grade ≥3 infusion-related reactions and had a lymphocyte count <5.0 × 109 cells/l. Standard cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone chemotherapy was given in Cycles 1-6. The primary endpoints were as follows: incidence of grade ≥3 infusion-related reactions in Cycle 2 in patients who started shorter duration of infusion in Cycle 2, serum obinutuzumab concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters and the time course of cytokine release. Adverse events and serious adverse events were monitored. RESULTS: Of 35 patients treated, 28 completed eight cycles; 31 started shorter duration of infusion in Cycle 2 and two patients in subsequent cycles. Two patients discontinued before starting shorter duration of infusion. No grade ≥3 infusion-related reactions occurred in Cycle 2. Twenty-one infusion-related reactions (all grades 1-2) were reported in 17/35 (49%) patients overall, mostly in Cycle 1 (18/21 infusion-related reactions [86%]). Grade ≥3 AEs occurring in ≥10% of patients included neutropenia/neutrophil count decreased (66%) and leukopenia/white blood cell count decreased (23%). Steady-state pharmacokinetics of obinutuzumab were attained in Cycle 2 and were not affected by shorter duration of infusion. No relevant cytokine elevations were reported with shorter duration of infusion. CONCLUSIONS: Regular infusion and shorter duration of infusion of obinutuzumab have comparable tolerability and pharmacokinetics in Japanese patients.

Efficacy and safety of obinutuzumab in patients with previously untreated follicular lymphoma: a subgroup analysis of patients enrolled in Japan in the randomized phase III GALLIUM trial.

GALLIUM is a global phase III study that demonstrated a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) with obinutuzumab plus chemotherapy (G-chemo) versus rituximab plus chemotherapy (R-chemo) in previously untreated patients with follicular lymphoma (FL). In this single-country subgroup analysis, we explored patterns of efficacy and safety in patients enrolled in the GALLIUM study in Japan (Japanese subgroup). Patients were randomized to open-label induction treatment with G-chemo or R-chemo. Responders received maintenance monotherapy with their randomized antibody for up to 2 years. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed PFS. Overall, 123 patients with FL were randomized in the Japanese subgroup (G-chemo, n = 65; R-chemo, n = 58). The majority of patients received cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy (82.9 vs 33.1% in the global GALLIUM FL population). PFS at 3 years was 89.9% (G-chemo) vs. 74.7% (R-chemo); hazard ratio 0.42; 95% confidence interval 0.15, 1.15; P = 0.08. Higher rates of grade 3-5 adverse events (96.9 vs. 89.7%) and serious adverse events (35.4 vs. 22.4%) were observed with G-chemo vs R-chemo, respectively. Neutropenia was frequent in the Japanese subgroup (92.3% G-chemo; 79.3% R-chemo). Overall, the results in the Japanese subgroup were consistent with those in the global GALLIUM population.

A single-arm study evaluating bevacizumab, cisplatin, and paclitaxel followed by single-agent bevacizumab in Japanese patients with advanced cervical cancer.

BACKGROUND: Adding bevacizumab to chemotherapy for recurrent, persistent or metastatic cervical cancer significantly improved overall survival (primary endpoint), progression-free survival and overall response rate in the randomized Phase III GOG-0240 trial. However, data for bevacizumab-containing therapy are scarce in Japanese patients with advanced cervical cancer. METHODS: The primary objective of the single-arm multicenter Phase II JO29569 study was to evaluate the tolerability of paclitaxel (135 mg/m2 over 24 h or 175 mg/m2 over 3 h), cisplatin (50 mg/m2) and bevacizumab (15 mg/kg), administered every 3 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity in Japanese patients with stage IVB, persistent or recurrent cervical cancer. RESULTS: The seven treated patients received a median of nine (range 7-12) bevacizumab cycles and six (range 4-12) chemotherapy cycles. None of the predefined adverse events occurred during the tolerability evaluation period. The most common all-grade adverse events were alopecia, hypertension, decreased appetite, nausea and peripheral sensory neuropathy. There were no cases of fistula. The most common grade ≥3 adverse events were hypertension, neutrophil count decreased and neutropenia. Only one patient experienced febrile neutropenia. The overall response rate was 86% (95% confidence interval, 42-100%), including a complete response in one patient. At data cutoff, disease had progressed in one patient; bevacizumab therapy was ongoing in the remaining six. CONCLUSIONS: According to the specified primary objective, a regimen of cisplatin, paclitaxel and bevacizumab was tolerable in Japanese patients and demonstrated encouraging activity in this small single-arm study. Further study is warranted to confirm the safety and effectiveness of bevacizumab in Japanese patients with cervical cancer.