Assuntos
Transplante de Medula Óssea , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/terapia , Irmãos , Adulto , Aloenxertos , Classe I de Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/sangue , Classe I de Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/sangue , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/genética , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/patologia , Doenças da Imunodeficiência PrimáriaAssuntos
Glucocorticoides/administração & dosagem , Metotrexato/administração & dosagem , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Doenças Musculares , Partícula de Reconhecimento de Sinal/imunologia , Tacrolimo/administração & dosagem , Idade de Início , Autoanticorpos/sangue , Biópsia/métodos , Criança , Esquema de Medicação , Quimioterapia Combinada/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Doenças Musculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Musculares/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Musculares/imunologia , Doenças Musculares/fisiopatologia , Necrose , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with the development of a systemic inflammatory response that can often lead to dysfunction of major organs. We hypothesised that the highly selective α2-adrenergic agonist, dexmedetomidine, attenuates the systemic inflammatory response. Forty-two patients were randomly assigned to receive dexmedetomidine or saline after aortic cross-clamping). The mean (SD) levels of the nuclear protein plasma high-mobility group box 1 increased significantly from 5.1 (2.2) ng ml(-1) during (16.6 (7.3) ng ml(-1) ) and after (14.3 (8.2) ng ml(-1) ) cardiopulmonary bypass in the saline group. In the dexmedetomidine group, the levels increased significantly only during cardiopulmonary bypass (4.0 (1.9) ng ml(-1) baseline vs. 10.8 (2.7) ng ml(-1) ) but not after (7.4 (3.8) ng ml(-1) ). Dexmedetomidine infusion also suppressed the rise in mean (SD) interleukin-6 levels after cardiopulmonary bypass (a rise of 124.5 (72.0) pg ml(-1) vs. 65.3 (30.9) pg ml(-1)). These suppressive effects of dexmedetomidine might be due to the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B activation and suggest that intra-operative dexmedetomidine may beneficially inhibit inflammatory responses associated with ischaemia-reperfusion injury during cardiopulmonary bypass.
Assuntos
Analgésicos não Narcóticos/farmacologia , Ponte Cardiopulmonar/efeitos adversos , Dexmedetomidina/farmacologia , Mediadores da Inflamação/sangue , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/métodos , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/sangue , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/prevenção & controle , Idoso , Analgésicos não Narcóticos/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Dexmedetomidina/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Interleucina-6/sangue , Masculino , NF-kappa B/sangue , NF-kappa B/efeitos dos fármacos , Estudos Prospectivos , Cloreto de Sódio/administração & dosagem , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/etiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Detecting recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) abuse in sport remains one of the major challenges in doping control. We have compared two different approaches to detect the hGH (human growth hormone) abuse. The first measures the concentrations of the 22 kDa hGH isoform (rec assay) and pituitary derived isoforms (pit assay) and a ratio rec/pit is obtained. The second measures the concentrations of 22 and 20 kDa hGH isoforms and also a ratio 22/20 kDa is derived. Using a single set (nine healthy male subjects, 7 days, 0.026 mg/kg/day of rhGH, 2 week wash out period) both approaches were compared. To quantify the agreement between the immunoassays, B.A. (Bland-Altman) analysis and P.r. (Pearson correlation) were used. To fully understand the assay readings, all relevant antibodies were characterised by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). In either approach the ratio numerator produces similar results and the denominator determines both signal-amplitude and time-frame of possible application. The rec vs pit approach displays a higher distinctive capacity to detect hGH abuse but the complex binding properties of the capture antibodies make it very difficult to evaluate the precise contributions of the individual hGH variants to the assay result. In the 22 vs 20 approach, the 20 kDa hGH concentration measures determine its applicability. Both approaches are based on a different principle, should be preferably applied within 24 h after rhGH administration, and are perfectly comparable given the results obtained. The reduced time frame of application indicates that their principle application should be preferably in an out-of-competition setting.
Assuntos
Hormônio do Crescimento Humano/análise , Imunoensaio/métodos , Detecção do Abuso de Substâncias/métodos , Anticorpos Monoclonais/análise , Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Dopagem Esportivo , Hormônio do Crescimento Humano/imunologia , Humanos , Masculino , Isoformas de Proteínas/análise , Isoformas de Proteínas/imunologia , Proteínas Recombinantes/análise , Proteínas Recombinantes/imunologia , Método Simples-Cego , Ressonância de Plasmônio de SuperfícieRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to determine whether ablated liver parenchyma surrounding a tumour can be assessed by MRI with ferucarbotran administered prior to radiofrequency ablation (RFA) compared with enhanced CT. METHODS: 55 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in 42 patients and 5 metastatic liver cancers in 3 patients were treated by RFA after ferucarbotran administration. We then performed T(2)* weighted MRI after 1 week and enhanced CT after 1 month. T(2)* weighted MRI demonstrated the ablated parenchyma as a low-intensity rim around the high intensity of the ablated tumour in these cases. The assessment was allocated to one of three grades: margin (+), high-intensity area with continuous low-intensity rim; margin zero, high-intensity area with discontinuous low-intensity rim; and margin (-), high-intensity area extending beyond the low-intensity rim. RESULTS: Margin (+), margin zero and margin (-) were found in 17, 35 and 5 nodules, respectively. All 17 nodules with margin (+) and 13 of those with margin zero were assessed as having sufficient ablative margins on CT. The remaining 22 nodules with margin zero had insufficient margins on CT. The overall agreement between MRI and CT for the diagnosis of the ablative margin was moderate (κ = 0.507, p < 0.001). No local recurrence was found in 15 HCC nodules with margin (+), whereas local recurrence was found in 4 (11.8%) out of 34 HCC nodules with margin zero. CONCLUSION: Administration of ferucarbotran before RFA enables the ablative margin to be visualised as a low-intensity rim, and also enables the evaluation of the ablative margin to be made earlier and more easily than with enhanced CT.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirurgia , Ablação por Cateter , Meios de Contraste , Dextranos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Nanopartículas de Magnetita , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate tumour vascularity and Kupffer cell imaging in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) with Sonazoid (perfluorobutane) and to compare performance with dynamic CT. METHODS: We studied 118 nodules in 88 patients with HCC. HCC was diagnosed as a hyperenhancement lesion in the arterial phase with washout in the portal phase on dynamic CT or by percutaneous biopsy. We observed tumour vascularity at the early vascular phase (10-30 s after contrast injection) and Kupffer imaging at the post-vascular phase (after 10 min). RESULTS: Detection of vascularity at the early vascular phase was 88% in nodules that were found to be hypervascular on dynamic CT and 28% in hypo-/isovascular nodules; the detection of local recurrence nodules was 92%. The detection of vascularity was significantly lower in nodules >9 cm deep than in those ≤9 cm deep, but was not affected by tumour size. The detection of tumours at the post-vascular phase on CEUS was 83% in nodules with low density in the portal phase on dynamic CT and 82% in nodules with isodensity. The rate did not depend on the severity of underlying liver disease; rates decreased in nodules deeper than 9 cm, those smaller than 2 cm in diameter and in iso-enhancing nodules at the early vascular phase of CEUS. CONCLUSION: CEUS with Sonazoid is a useful tool for assessing the vascularity of HCC and is equal to that of dynamic CT; however, the detectability of HCC vascularity is affected by location.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico por imagem , Meios de Contraste/uso terapêutico , Fluorocarbonos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Microbolhas/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/irrigação sanguínea , Feminino , Humanos , Aumento da Imagem , Células de Kupffer/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Hepáticas/irrigação sanguínea , Masculino , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/irrigação sanguínea , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico por imagem , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , UltrassonografiaAssuntos
Dissecação , Endoscopia/instrumentação , Endoscopia/métodos , Mucosa Gástrica/cirurgia , Animais , Suínos , Gravação em VídeoRESUMO
AIMS: We previously reported that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) function was impaired in vessels in the hippocampus in 3-month-old stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). In this study, we examined gene and protein expressions of P-glycoprotein, a representative efflux transporter of cerebral vessels, in the BBB-damaged hippocampal vessels of SHRSP and in the vessels of Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats as controls, to clarify roles of the efflux transporter in the BBB-damaged vessels. METHODS: The expression of P-glycoprotein in hippocampal and cortical samples was examined by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting and immunoelectron microscopic techniques. RESULTS: Real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting analyses revealed that the gene and protein expressions of P-glycoprotein were increased in the hippocampal samples of 3-month-old SHRSP compared with hippocampal samples of 3-month-old WKY rats or with cortical samples of SHRSP. The gene expression of P-glycoprotein was also increased in the hippocampal samples of 4-week-old SHRSP. Immunoelectron microscopic examination revealed that immunosignals of P-glycoprotein were seen in the luminal and ab-luminal cytoplasmic membranes of endothelial cells and the basal lamina, that the labelling density of P-glycoprotein in the vessel wall was higher in the hippocampus of 3-month-old SHRSP than in other groups and that the immunosignals of P-glycoprotein were occasionally co-located with those of albumin. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the expression of P-glycoprotein is increased in BBB-damaged hippocampal vessels in hypertensive SHRSP compared with those in WKY rats.
Assuntos
Membro 1 da Subfamília B de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/metabolismo , Barreira Hematoencefálica/fisiopatologia , Encéfalo/irrigação sanguínea , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Hipertensão/metabolismo , Membro 1 da Subfamília B de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/genética , Albuminas/metabolismo , Análise de Variância , Animais , Membrana Basal/fisiologia , Pressão Sanguínea , Western Blotting , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Células Endoteliais/fisiologia , Expressão Gênica , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Microscopia Imunoeletrônica , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Ratos Endogâmicos WKY , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
During endochondral ossification, the production of hyaluronan (HA) is strictly and selectively regulated by chondrocytes, with a temporal peak at the hypertrophic stage. This study was conducted to clarify the effects of HA on expression and activity of runt-related gene 2 (Runx2), a potent transcription factor for chondrocyte differentiation in hypertrophic chondrocytes. Immature chondrocytes from an ATDC5 cell line were cultured and differentiated in DMEM/Ham's F12 with pre-defined supplements. Using real-time PCR, the gene expressions of type II collagen, MMP-13, HAS2, and Runx2 in cultured chondrocytes were analysed from days 0 to 18 of cell differentiation. The activity and expression of Runx2 in hypertrophic chondrocytes were analysed after the treatment with HA oligosaccharide (HAoligo) using AML-3/Runx2 binding, real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. The effects of pre-incubation of anti-CD44 antibody on Runx2 expression were also examined. Expression of type X collagen and Runx2 mRNAs reached a maximum at the terminal differentiation of chondrocytes. The activity and expression of Runx2 was significantly inhibited in hypertrophic chondrocytes treated with HAoligo compared to the untreated controls. High molecular weight-HA did not affect the expression or activity of Runx2. The expression of Runx2 mRNA was significantly decreased in hypertrophic chondrocytes treated with anti-CD44 antibody. These results suggest that HAoligo may affect the terminal differentiation of chondrocytes during the endochondral ossification by inhibiting the expression and activity of Runx2.
Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Condrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Subunidade alfa 1 de Fator de Ligação ao Core/metabolismo , Ácido Hialurônico/farmacologia , Animais , Western Blotting , Diferenciação Celular/fisiologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral/fisiologia , Condrócitos/citologia , Condrócitos/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo II/genética , Colágeno Tipo II/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo X/genética , Colágeno Tipo X/metabolismo , Subunidade alfa 1 de Fator de Ligação ao Core/genética , Expressão Gênica , Glucuronosiltransferase/genética , Glucuronosiltransferase/metabolismo , Receptores de Hialuronatos/metabolismo , Hialuronan Sintases , Metaloproteinase 13 da Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinase 13 da Matriz/metabolismo , Camundongos , RNA/metabolismo , RNA Mitocondrial , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismoRESUMO
AIMS: We previously reported that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) function was deteriorated in vessels located along hippocampal fissures in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). In this study, we examined changes of gene expression in the BBB-damaged vessels of SHRSP. METHODS: Vascular samples were microdissected from the hippocampi of SHRSP and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) as a control and the difference in gene expression between the BBB-damaged vessels in SHRSP and vessels without BBB damage in WKY was examined by a microarray. The differences in gene and protein expression between brain tissues in the two strains of rats were examined using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The microarray assay revealed that the ratio of osteopontin gene expression in the vascular tissue of the hippocampi of SHRSP to that of WKY was the highest among 8435 genes. Real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that the gene expression of osteopontin was significantly increased in the hippocampal samples of SHRSP compared with that in the hippocampal samples of WKY rats or with that in the cortical samples of SHRSP. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses showed that the osteopontin protein expression was seen in perivascular ED1-positive macrophages/microglial cells located around hippocampal fissures and significantly increased in the hippocampi of SHRSP compared with that of WKY. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the expression of osteopontin is increased in BBB-damaged vessels in hypertensive SHRSP compared with that in vessels without BBB impairment in WKY rats, suggesting a role for osteopontin in BBB function.
Assuntos
Barreira Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Barreira Hematoencefálica/patologia , Hipocampo/irrigação sanguínea , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Osteopontina/biossíntese , Animais , Western Blotting , Expressão Gênica , Hipocampo/patologia , Hipertensão/metabolismo , Hipertensão/patologia , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Análise Serial de Proteínas , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Ratos Wistar , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
A retrospective analysis was performed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in the patients with clear cell carcinoma (CCC) of the ovary. After central pathological review and scanning of the medical records of nine Japanese institutions between 1992 and 2003, a total of 254 patients with CCC of the ovary were enrolled in the present study. Mean age was 52.4 years (range 23-73 years). Tumours were 13% (33/254) stage Ia, 36% (92/254) stage Ic, 13% (33/254) stage II, 30% (80/254) stage III, and 6% (16/254) stage IV. Five-year progression-free survival and overall survival was 84 and 88% in stage I, 57 and 70% in stage II, 25 and 33% in stage III and 0 and 0% in stage IV, respectively. Retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis was observed in 9% in pT1a tumours, 7% in pT1c tumours, 13% in pT2 tumours, and 58% in pT3 tumours, respectively. There was no survival benefit according to chemotherapeutic differences in the patients who received complete surgical staging procedures and conventional chemotherapy. Peritoneal cytological status was an independent prognostic factor in stage Ic patients (P=0.03) and only residual tumour diameter was an independent prognostic factor in stage III, IV patients (P=0.02). Our results suggest that cytoreductive surgery resulting in no residual tumour only could improve the prognosis of advanced CCC patients.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma de Células Claras/patologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Adenocarcinoma de Células Claras/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma de Células Claras/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/cirurgia , Cavidade Peritoneal/patologia , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
Single-nucleotide polymorphism at -670 of Fas gene promoter (A/G) was examined in a total of 354 blood samples from normal healthy women and gynecological cancer patients. They consisted of 95 normal, 83 cervical, 108 endometrial, and 68 ovarian cancer cases. Eighty-three patients with cervical cancer had statistically higher frequency of GG genotype and G allele than 95 controls (P= 0.0353 and 0.0278, respectively). There was no significant difference in the genotype or allele prevalence between control subjects and endometrial or ovarian cancer patients. The Fas -670 GG genotype was associated with an increased risk for the development of cervical cancer (OR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.08-6.10) compared with the AA genotype. The G allele also increased the risk of cervical cancer (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.05-2.43) compared with the A allele. Germ-line polymorphism of Fas gene promoter -670 may be associated with the risk of cervical cancer in a Japanese population.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/genética , Receptor fas/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Povo Asiático/genética , Feminino , Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos/genética , Genótipo , Mutação em Linhagem Germinativa , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , RiscoRESUMO
HER-2 codon 655 polymorphism together with human papillomavirus (HPV) types were examined in a total of 279 cervical smear samples. Forty-nine patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion had higher frequency of high-risk HPV than 167 patients with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and 63 controls. There was no statistical difference in the frequencies of HER-2 Ile/Ile, Ile/Val, and Val/Val genotypes between squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) and controls. When the Ile/Ile genotype was compared to the Ile/Val + Val/Val genotypes, there was also no statistical difference in the genotype prevalence between SILs and controls either in 91 or 188 patients with or without high-risk HPV, respectively. These results suggest that the HER-2 polymorphism at codon 655 in cervical cell samples is unlikely to be associated with HPV status and the onset of cervical cancer in a Japanese population.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Polimorfismo Genético , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/genética , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Sequência de Bases , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/epidemiologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Códon , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Genes erbB-2 , Genótipo , Humanos , Incidência , Japão/epidemiologia , Programas de Rastreamento , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Medição de Risco , Estudos de Amostragem , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/epidemiologia , Esfregaço VaginalRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to determine whether docetaxel has antitumour activity in patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma. Chemotherapy-naïve or previously treated patients (one regimen) with histopathologically documented endometrial carcinoma and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status =2 entered the study. Docetaxel 70 mg m(-2) was administered intravenously on day 1 of a 3-week cycle up to a maximum of six cycles. If patients responded well to docetaxel, additional cycles were administered until progressive disease or unacceptable toxicity occurred. Of 33 patients with a median age of 59 years (range, 39-74 years) who entered the study, 14 patients (42%) had received one prior chemotherapy regimen. In all, 32 patients were evaluable for efficacy, yielding an overall response rate of 31% (95% confidence interval, 16.1-50.0%); complete response and partial response (PR) were 3 and 28%, respectively. Of 13 pretreated patients, three (23%) had a PR. The median duration of response was 1.8 months. The median time to progression was 3.9 months. The predominant toxicity was grade 3-4 neutropenia, occurring in 94% of the patients, although febrile neutropenia arose in 9% of the patients. Oedema was mild and infrequent. Docetaxel has antitumour activity in patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma, including those previously treated with chemotherapy; however, the effect was transient and accompanied by pronounced neutropenia in most patients.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/secundário , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias do Endométrio/tratamento farmacológico , Terapia de Salvação , Taxoides/uso terapêutico , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidade , Adenocarcinoma Papilar/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma Papilar/mortalidade , Adenocarcinoma Papilar/secundário , Adulto , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/mortalidade , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/secundário , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/tratamento farmacológico , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/mortalidade , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/secundário , Docetaxel , Neoplasias do Endométrio/mortalidade , Neoplasias do Endométrio/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Japão , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The influence of the menopause on the HDL2/HDL3 ratio was assessed in association with hypertriglyceridemia. METHODS: Fasting blood samples were collected from 607 patients. Commercially available enzymatic methods were used for determination of TG, and total HDL-C. HDL2 and HDL3 were measured by ultracentrifugation. RESULTS: The HDL2/HDL3 ratio had a strong negative correlation with TG (r=-0.272, P<0.0001 and r=-0.314, P<0.0001) in both pre- and postmenopausal women. No significant differences were observed in HDL2, HDL3, and HDL2/HDL3 ratio between pre- and postmenopausal women without hypertriglyceridemia. Postmenopausal women had a significantly higher HDL2/HDL3 ratio than premenopausal women with hypertriglyceridemia. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that menopausal status not only increases plasma LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels, but also increases the HDL2/HDL3 ratio when associated with elevation of plasma triglyceride levels. These changes may increase the risk for CHD due to enlargement of the lipid pool.
Assuntos
HDL-Colesterol/sangue , Hipertrigliceridemia/sangue , Menopausa/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Lipoproteínas HDL/sangue , Lipoproteínas HDL3 , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tamanho da Partícula , UltracentrifugaçãoRESUMO
Hyaluronan (HA) is one of the major extracellular matrix components in cartilage. In addition to the biomechanical functions, HA has various important roles in the differentiation of chondrocytes. The purpose of this study was to clarify the nature of HA synthesis during chondrocyte differentiation. Growth plate chondrocytes were isolated from rabbit ribs and cultured in chondrocyte differentiation medium. The amount of HA and HA synthase (HAS) mRNA levels were analyzed for each stage of chondrocyte differentiation by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and real-time PCR, respectively. The distribution of HA in cultured chondrocytes was observed by histochemical staining. The amount of HA, ranging widely in size, was increased substantially during the hypertrophic stage. The expression levels of HAS2 and HAS3 mRNAs were low during the matrix-forming stage. HAS2 mRNA level was substantially enhanced at the pre-hypertrophic stage, whereas HAS3 mRNA level exhibited a slight increase. HAS1 mRNA was not detected. The intensity of HA staining was high around the hypertrophic chondrocytes. These results suggest that HA metabolism in chondrocyte differentiation is regulated by the selective expression of HASs, and HAS2 and the related large size-HA may have a certain association with the hypertrophic changes of chondrocytes.
Assuntos
Condrócitos/metabolismo , Lâmina de Crescimento/citologia , Ácido Hialurônico/metabolismo , Animais , Diferenciação Celular , Proliferação de Células , Condrócitos/citologia , Cromatografia em Gel , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Colágeno Tipo II/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo X/metabolismo , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Glucuronosiltransferase/metabolismo , Hialuronan Sintases , Imuno-Histoquímica , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Coelhos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate possible involvement of chymase and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in the pathogenesis of vitreoretinal diseases, both of which are related to the production of angiotensin II. METHODS: We measured chymase and ACE activities in the vitreous in the 54 affected eyes of 54 patients who had undergone vitreous surgery for idiopathic macular holes (MH, n = 14), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR, n = 14), idiopathic epiretinal membranes (ERM, n = 13), and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD, n = 13). RESULTS: Chymase activities in the vitreous from patients with MH, PDR, ERM, and RRD were 1.87 +/- 0.53, 0.06 +/- 0.04, 0.40 +/- 0.12, and 0.08 +/- 0.03 (mean +/- SE) mU/mg protein, respectively, and ACE activities in the vitreous humor were 0.18 +/- 0.09, 0.30 +/- 0.07, 0.01 +/- 0.01, and 0.03 +/- 0.02 (mean +/- SE) mU/mg protein, respectively. Chymase activity was significantly elevated in MH among these diseases (p < 0.01, Scheffe), and ACE was significantly activated in PDR compared to ERM and RRD (p < 0.05, Scheffe). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that two different angiotensin II generating systems are activated in human vitreous humor; an increased activity of chymase may play a possible role in the formation of macular holes.
Assuntos
Angiotensina II/metabolismo , Peptidil Dipeptidase A/metabolismo , Perfurações Retinianas/enzimologia , Serina Endopeptidases/metabolismo , Corpo Vítreo/enzimologia , Idoso , Quimases , Retinopatia Diabética/enzimologia , Ativação Enzimática , Membrana Epirretiniana/enzimologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Descolamento Retiniano/enzimologia , Perfurações Retinianas/etiologia , VitrectomiaRESUMO
We purified four piscine deoxyribonucleases I (DNases I) from Anguilla japonica, Pagrus major, Cryprus carpio and Oreochromis mossambica. The purified enzymes had an optimum pH for activity of approximately 8.0, significantly higher than those of mammalian enzymes. cDNAs encoding the first three of these piscine DNases I were cloned, and the sequence of the Takifugu rubripes enzyme was obtained from a database search. Nucleotide sequence analyses revealed relatively greater structural variations among the piscine DNase I family than among the other vertebrate DNase I families. From comparison of their catalytic properties, the vertebrate DNases I could be classified into two groups: a low-pH group, such as the mammalian enzymes, with a pH optimum of 6.5-7.0, and a high-pH group, such as the reptile, amphibian and piscine enzymes, with a pH optimum of approximately 8.0. The His residue at position 44 of the former group is replaced by Asp in the latter. Replacement of Asp44 of piscine and amphibian DNases I by His decreased their optimum pH to a value similar to that of the low-pH group. Therefore, Asp44His might be involved in an evolutionarily critical change in the optimum pH for the activity of vertebrate DNases I.
Assuntos
Substituição de Aminoácidos/genética , Desoxirribonuclease I/química , Desoxirribonuclease I/metabolismo , Peixes , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Linhagem Celular , DNA Complementar/genética , Desoxirribonuclease I/genética , Desoxirribonuclease I/isolamento & purificação , Estabilidade Enzimática , Peixes/genética , Peixes/metabolismo , Hepatopâncreas/enzimologia , Temperatura Alta , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Pâncreas/enzimologia , Filogenia , Alinhamento de SequênciaRESUMO
Hyaluronan (HA) synthesis in the synovial membrane is affected by various chemical mediators. It is hypothesized that transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) would be a mediator to modulate HA synthesis in cultured synovial membrane fibroblasts of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Fibroblasts were extracted from the TMJ synovial membrane of four-week-old Japanese white rabbits. The amount of HA and expression levels of HA synthase (HAS) mRNAs induced by TGF-beta 1 treatment were analyzed by means of high-performance liquid chromatography and real-time polymerase chain-reaction, respectively. Both medium and large amounts of HA were enhanced by the stimulation of TGF-beta 1. HAS2 mRNA expression was enhanced 13-fold after six-hour stimulation with TGF-beta 1 (10 ng/mL), whereas HAS3 mRNA expression was not changed significantly. These results suggest that TGF-beta 1 enhances the expression of HAS2 mRNA in the TMJ synovial membrane fibroblasts and may contribute to the production of high-molecular-weight HA in the joint fluid.
Assuntos
Glicosiltransferases , Ácido Hialurônico/análise , Proteínas de Membrana , Membrana Sinovial/efeitos dos fármacos , Articulação Temporomandibular/efeitos dos fármacos , Transferases , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/farmacologia , Proteínas de Xenopus , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibroblastos/patologia , Glucuronosiltransferase/efeitos dos fármacos , Hialuronan Sintases , Isoenzimas/análise , Isoenzimas/efeitos dos fármacos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA Mensageiro/análise , RNA Mensageiro/efeitos dos fármacos , Coelhos , Membrana Sinovial/patologia , Articulação Temporomandibular/patologia , Fatores de Tempo , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1RESUMO
To investigate the effects of physical exercise on bone mass during the climacteric and menopausal period. The study group were 1123 postmenopausal Japanese women (mean: 55.4 +/- 3.7 years). Their current bone mineral density of lumbar vertebrae (L2-4) was analyzed taking the presence or absence of regular physical exercise, the type of exercise and its duration into consideration. Of the 1123 postmenopausal women, 643 (57.3%) were currently involved is some form of physical exercise on a regular basis. Bone mineral density did not differ significantly between the women exercising at present (1.035 +/- 0.08 g/cm2) and the women who had never been involved in regular physical exercise at any time in their life (1.089 +/- 0.08 g/cm2). The bone mineral density did not differ significantly in relation to the duration of physical activity (less than 6 months: 1.054 +/- 0.169 g/cm2; 6 months to 3 years: 1.049 +/- 0.128 g/cm2; over 5 years: 1.024 +/- 0.168 g/cm2). Although a majority of the postmenopausal women surveyed were involved in some form of physical activity, the practice of mild exercise at and around the time of perimenopause did not significantly increase bone mineral density.