Development of the Casparian strip in primary roots of maize under salt stress.

The Casparian strip in the endodermis of vascular plant roots appears to play an important role in preventing the influx of salts into the stele through the apoplast under salt stress. The effects of salinity on the development and morphology of the Casparian strip in primary roots of maize ( Zea mays L.) were studied. Compared to the controls, the strip matured closer to the root tip with increase in the ambient concentration of NaCl. During growth in 200 mM NaCl, the number and the length of the endodermal cells in the region between the root tip and the lowest position of the endodermal strip decreased, as did the apparent rate of production of cells in single files of endodermal cells (the rate of cell formation being equal to the rate at which cells are lost from the meristem). The estimated time required for an individual cell to complete the formation of the strip after generation of the cell in the presence of 200 mM NaCl was not very different from that required in controls. Thus, salinity did not substantially affect the actual process of formation of the strip in individual cells. The radial width of the Casparian strip, a morphological parameter that should be related to the effectiveness of the strip as a barrier, increased in the presence of 200 mM NaCl. The mean width of the lignified region was 0.92 microm in distilled water and 1.33 microm in 200 mM NaCl at the lowest position of the strip. The mean width of the strip relative to that of the radial wall at this position was significantly greater after growth in the presence of 200 mM NaCl than in the controls, namely, 20.5% in distilled water and 33.9% in 200 mM NaCl. These observations suggest that the function of the strip is enhanced under salt stress.

[Effects of clinorotation on the structure of xylem in Arabidopsis roots].

Lignin, which is the most important component of vascular tissue, is essential material for the structural support of higher plants and considered to play a critical role in evolution of land plants. It has been postulated that development of secondary wall is mediated by gravity. However, effects of gravity on the development and the morphology of secondary cell wall have not been well investigated. In this study, effects of averaging of gravity vector using 2-D clinostat rotation on the structure of xylem was examined. The results indicated that the morphology of xylem is regulated by the orientation of gravity vector.