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1.
Niger J Clin Pract ; 17(1): 6-9, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24326798

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Adequate knowledge and awareness of cleft lip and palate (CLP) deformity may help to counter the negative beliefs and attitudes toward the condition. The objective of this study was to assess the level of awareness, knowledge and attitude of women attending antenatal clinics about CLP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study with the aid of a structured interview administered questionnaire was conducted among 200 women attending antenatal clinics in three Federal Government Teaching Hospitals in the Northern and Southwestern regions of Nigeria. The main outcome measure was the level of awareness and the mean cumulative knowledge score. RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 28.9 ± 5.1 years (age range: 16-42 years). Half of the women (50.5%) reported that they had seen or heard about CLP. The mean cumulative knowledge score was 6.9, with only 19.8% having adequate knowledge. Many respondents had neither read an article on CLP nor participated in any public enlightenment program, and 31.5% indicated that they would like to know more about the condition. Level of educational attainment had a statistically significant effect on the level of awareness and knowledge on CLP, as more educated respondents tend to be more aware and knowledgeable ( P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: There is need for increased public enlightenment/health education to increase awareness and subsequently help develop more positive attitudes toward children with CLP. Such programs should include distribution of pamphlets on CLP at clinics, especially antenatal clinics, media campaigns on radio, TV and newspaper as well as establishment of cleft support groups by the relevant governmental and professional organizations.


Assuntos
Conscientização , Fenda Labial/psicologia , Fissura Palatina/psicologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/psicologia , Cuidado Pré-Natal/métodos , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Adolescente , Adulto , Fenda Labial/epidemiologia , Fissura Palatina/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
2.
Niger J Clin Pract ; 16(3): 381-5, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23771466

RESUMO

The ingestion and inhalation of foreign bodies with their associated morbidity and mortality have been widely reported in the literature. However, reports on foreign body impaction in the orofacial region are comparatively fewer. Three unusual cases of foreign body impaction into the buccal and submasseteric spaces are presented. The three patients were adults and they presented with history of painful facial swelling associated with limited mouth opening. Plain skull radiographs revealed the foreign bodies within the facial soft tissue spaces in two patients while it was not helpful in the third patient. Surgical explorations of the left buccal, left submasseteric and the right buccal spaces led to the retrieval of the foreign bodies. Prompt diagnosis and surgical removal of such foreign bodies will greatly minimize the associated complications which may include; cellulitis, facial abscess, allergic reactions, necrotizing fasciitis and osteomyelitis.


Assuntos
Traumatismos Faciais/diagnóstico , Traumatismos Faciais/terapia , Corpos Estranhos/diagnóstico , Corpos Estranhos/terapia , Acidentes por Quedas , Adulto , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Instrumentos Cirúrgicos , Extração Dentária/instrumentação , Escovação Dentária/instrumentação , Madeira
3.
Nig Q J Hosp Med ; 22(1): 44-51, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23175880

RESUMO

This paper reviewed the clinicopathologic presentation of recurrent ameloblastoma in 30 Nigerian patients at three tertiary referral centers with the sole objective of developing a classification system. Most recurrences occurred in patients in their 3rd decade of life (20-29years) and males were more frequently affected than females (1.5 to 1). Though enucleation resulted in the highest rate of recurrences (30%), hemi-mandibulectomy also resulted in a 20% recurrence rate. Majority of the recurrences occurred within 5 to 9 years after primary surgery. Most primary jaw sites of the lesion corresponded with the primary jaw sites of the recurrent tumor which in itself may be a reflection of inadequate primary treatment. The most frequent anatomic site of primary tumors that recurred was c4 (highest level of ramus involvement). The most frequent anatomic classification of the recurrent tumors was recurrence at one bone margin (Bla) and recurrence at intervening /adjacent soft tissues between the resected bone edges (Blc). Mandible to maxilla recurrence increases the likelihood of extension to the skull and brain.


Assuntos
Ameloblastoma/classificação , Neoplasias Maxilomandibulares/classificação , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/classificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Ameloblastoma/patologia , Ameloblastoma/cirurgia , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Maxilomandibulares/patologia , Neoplasias Maxilomandibulares/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metástase Neoplásica , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/cirurgia , Nigéria , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto Jovem
4.
Niger Postgrad Med J ; 19(3): 133-6, 2012 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23064167

RESUMO

AIM AND OBJECTIVES: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is frequently used to enhance wound healing in numerous surgical applications. There are many methods of preparation of PRP. The present report describes a laboratory technique which is rapid, simple and inexpensive for preparing PRP from small volume of whole blood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Whole blood was drawn from 30 patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery. PRP was prepared by the modified open system. Platelet counts for whole blood and PRP were determined using a cell counter. RESULTS: The data from 30 patients aged 20 to 33 years, with a mean of 24.4 (± 3.3) and male : female ratio of 1:1.1, were analysed. The platelet count in PRP was 3,157,667 ± 984,380 while that in whole blood was 268,667 (± 64,678) platelets /cubic ml, reflecting an 11-fold increase in platelet concentration. No effect of gender or ageing on platelet count was observed. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates a simple, rapid and inexpensive technique that is useful in obtaining platelets concentrated approximately 11-fold.


Assuntos
Preservação de Sangue/métodos , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Bucais/efeitos adversos , Plasma Rico em Plaquetas/fisiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Cicatrização , Adulto , Centrifugação/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Soluções para Preservação de Órgãos/farmacologia , Ativação Plaquetária , Contagem de Plaquetas , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/sangue , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/fisiopatologia , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodos , Fatores de Tempo , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Cicatrização/fisiologia
5.
Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg ; 41(4): 500-5, 2012 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22306128

RESUMO

The aims of this study were to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of ultrasonography in detecting zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures, and to highlight factors that may affect the validity of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture. Twenty-one patients with suspected fractures of the zygomaticomaxillary complex presenting at the authors' hospital were included in this prospective study. All the patients had plain radiographic and computed tomography (CT) investigations. All underwent ultrasonographic examination of the affected region using an ultrasound machine with a 7.5 MHz probe. The different radiologists were not aware of the results of the other two investigations. Statistical significance was inferred at P<0.05. The validity of ultrasonography varied with fracture sites with a sensitivity of 100% for zygomatic arch fractures, 90% for infraorbital margin fractures and 25% for frontozygomatic suture separation. Specificity was 100% for the three types of fracture. There was no statistically significant difference in the ability of CT scan and ultrasonography to diagnose fractures from various zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture sites (P=0.47). Ultrasonography has proved to be a valid tool for the diagnosis of zygomatic arch and displaced infraorbital margin fractures.


Assuntos
Fraturas Expostas/diagnóstico por imagem , Fraturas Maxilares/diagnóstico por imagem , Fraturas Orbitárias/diagnóstico por imagem , Fraturas Zigomáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Funções Verossimilhança , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Traumatismo Múltiplo/diagnóstico por imagem , Nigéria , Estudos Prospectivos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Ultrassonografia , Adulto Jovem
6.
Niger J Clin Pract ; 14(2): 242-4, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21860148

RESUMO

Oral lipomas, though rare, predominantly affect the buccal mucosa, tongue, and lips. The occurrence of lipomas in the palate is extremely rare. Osteolipoma is a very rare histological variant of lipoma accounting for less than 1% of all cases. Although a few cases involving the soft palate have been reported, there is only one reported case of osteolipoma of the hard palate in the English-language literature and it was a congenital osteolipoma associated with a cleft palate in a 6-year-old male child. This paper aims to describe an additional case uniquely located in the hard palate of an adult female.


Assuntos
Lipoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Palatinas/diagnóstico por imagem , Palato Duro/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Lipoma/cirurgia , Neoplasias Palatinas/cirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do Tratamento
7.
Cleft Palate Craniofac J ; 48(6): 646-53, 2011 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21740177

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Orofacial clefts are the most common malformations of the head and neck, with a worldwide prevalence of 1 in 700 births. They are commonly divided into CL(P) and CP based on anatomic, genetic, and embryologic findings. A Nigerian craniofacial anomalies study (NigeriaCRAN) was set up in 2006 to investigate the role of gene-environment interaction in the origin of orofacial clefts in Nigeria. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: DNA isolated from saliva from Nigerian probands was used for genotype association studies and direct sequencing of cleft candidate genes: MSX1 , IRF6 , FOXE1, FGFR1 , FGFR2 , BMP4 , MAFB, ABCA4 , PAX7, and VAX1 , and the chromosome 8q region. RESULTS: A missense mutation A34G in MSX1 was observed in nine cases and four HapMap controls. No other apparent causative variations were identified. Deviation from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was observed in these cases (p = .00002). A significant difference was noted between the affected side for unilateral CL (p = .03) and bilateral clefts and between clefts on either side (p = .02). A significant gender difference was also observed for CP (p = .008). CONCLUSIONS: Replication of a mutation previously implicated in other populations suggests a role for the MSX1 A34G variant in the development of CL(P).


Assuntos
População Negra/genética , Fenda Labial/genética , Fissura Palatina/genética , Fator de Transcrição MSX1/genética , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Fenda Labial/epidemiologia , Fissura Palatina/epidemiologia , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Análise de Sequência de DNA
8.
Afr Health Sci ; 10(1): 31-9, 2010 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20811522

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Cleft lip with or without cleft palate, is the most common serious congenital anomaly that affects the orofacial regions. The management and care of the cleft patient constitutes a substantial proportion of the workload of the Nigerian maxillofacial surgeon and allied specialties. Yet, there are no specific programmes targeted at this group. We believe that the findings of this study is capable of identifying useful interventions for designing programs that will lead to a reduction in the burden of orofacial cleft in Nigeria. METHODS: It was a transverse cross-sectional study that was undertaken at the Maxillofacial Units of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital and the Central Hospital, Benin City respectively. The prevalence and antenatal determinants of cleft lip and palate were determined. RESULTS: Cleft lip and palate were often encountered in clinical practice in Benin City with a prevalence of 1.35%. The results showed that orofacial clefts were commoner in females and that the combined unilateral cleft lip and palate was the commonest entity encountered amongst the cases. The following risk factors were associated with the risk of development of cleft lip and palate: Paternal age >40 years, maternal age >35 years, genetic/family history, low socio-economic status, alcohol consumption and indulgence in the intake of herbal medications in pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Public health education programmes and advocacy activities geared towards raising awareness of the identified risk factors for the development of cleft lip and or cleft palate would go a long way to obviate the occurrence and reduce the burden.


Assuntos
Fenda Labial/epidemiologia , Fissura Palatina/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Fenda Labial/etnologia , Fissura Palatina/etnologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Idade Materna , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Idade Paterna , Gravidez , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto Jovem
9.
Ann Afr Med ; 8(4): 203-9, 2009.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20139540

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Urethral reconstruction has continued to present formidable and enormous challenges for urologic, paediatric and plastic surgeons as diverse opinions have been expressed on the quality and type of ideal substitution material. This literature review is aimed at drawing attention of surgeons to the versatile nature of oral mucosal grafts. METHODS: A review of the utilization of oral mucosa in urethral reconstruction was made. Structured Medline search was performed looking at all aspects of utilization of oral mucosa including mucosal harvest, donor site morbidity and outcome. RESULTS: The unique demands of the urethra set a high standard for autogenous graft substitutes; hence literature reports reveal that split and full thickness skin grafts from the scrotum, penis, extragenital sites (ureter, saphenous vein, appendix, colon, medial upper arm, neck, lateral chest, abdomen, bladder mucosa) and more recently oral mucosa have been used. Unlike other tissues, oral mucosa grafts are flexible, easy to harvest and trim and have an excellent microvasculature favorable for graft-taking. Furthermore, the natural moist location of the oral mucosa in the oral environment favours its easy adaptability in the urethral passage thus giving good long-term results. However, there are reports of complications at the donor site with the commonest being anaesthesia or paraesthesia of the cheek or lips. Regional variations of the oral mucosa, length of the graft required, the decision to close or leave donor site open and harvesting technique are some of the factors suggested to account for differences in donor site morbidity. CONCLUSION: Oral mucosal graft is a versatile urethral substitute with excellent outcome. It is becoming the gold standard for urethral substitution.


Assuntos
Mucosa Bucal/transplante , Uretra/cirurgia , Doenças Uretrais/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Urológicos Masculinos/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Coleta de Tecidos e Órgãos/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento
10.
Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg ; 46(4): 297-300, 2008 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18336970

RESUMO

We examined the health-related quality of life (HR QoL) of patients with facial trauma and compared it with that of healthy controls; temporal changes in HR QoL of patients over 12 weeks compared with baseline values; and whether the risk of depression could be identified by baseline HR QoL. For 26 months we recruited 126 consecutive patients with facial injuries and 126 age and sex-matched healthy controls for the study. Enrollment criteria included age 18 years and over, Glasgow coma scale score on admission of 12 and over, and duration of stay of more than 24 hours. HR QoL was measured using the 26-item World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHO QoL-Bref), and depression was measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Scores in all domains of the WHO QoL-Bref (physical, psychological, social relations, and environment) were considerably reduced in injured patients compared with controls. During follow up there were improvements only in the domains of physical health and environment, but not in psychological health. There was a significant reduction in the HR QoL domain of social relationships with time. The regression equation for all four QoL domains as predictors was significantly related to depression scores throughout the study period. Patients with facial injuries are at risk of poor QoL after trauma. There was a high incidence of depression throughout the follow-up period, and poor QoL at baseline predicted depression during follow-up.


Assuntos
Traumatismos Maxilofaciais/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Depressão/etiologia , Feminino , Escala de Coma de Glasgow , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Masculino , Traumatismos Maxilofaciais/complicações , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nigéria , Psicometria , Análise de Regressão , Inquéritos e Questionários
11.
West Afr J Med ; 26(2): 126-30, 2007.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17939314

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Bacterial infections of the head and neck region remain a major public health concern in Nigeria despite the availability and widespread use of antibiotics in the country. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine the pattern, aetiology, management and outcome of head and neck fascial space infections at Ife. METHODS: All consecutive patients who presented with fascial space infections between January 1995 and July 2004 at the Maxillofacial Unit of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria were admitted into the study. A structured questionnaire was completed for each patient and analyzed in respect of patients' demographics, source of infection, predisposing factors, location of infection; treatment and outcome. RESULTS: One hundred and three patients were managed during the study period. There were 55(53.4%) males and 48(46.6%) females with age ranging from 1-85 years. Submandibular space was the most common single space involved followed by the buccal space. The fascial spaces around the mandible were more involved those around the maxillae and scalp for all age groups. Four patients presented with Ludwigs' angina. Odontogenic infections arising from pulpitis, periodontitis and pericoronitis caused over 70% of the space infections. Microbial cultures showed mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteriology. Management was by incision and drainage/decompression, removal of the source, use of antibiotics and supportive care. Two deaths were recorded in the course of this study. CONCLUSION: Bacterial infections of the head and neck region remain a major health hazard among Nigerians with spread of infection commonly involving the submandibular and the buccal spaces.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Face/microbiologia , Cabeça/microbiologia , Pescoço/microbiologia , Saúde Pública , Resultado do Tratamento , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Infecções Bacterianas/etiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nigéria , Inquéritos e Questionários
12.
Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg ; 45(4): 302-5, 2007 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17056161

RESUMO

The present study was conducted to find out the perceptions of mothers from two Nigerian ethnic groups who had children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) about the aetiology of the defect. Mothers of 16 children with CLP from the Yoruba ethnic group who attended the maxillofacial clinic of the Obafemi Awolowo University teaching hospital in southern Nigeria and 20 children with CLP from the Hausa/Fulani ethnic group who attended the maxillofacial clinic of the University of Maiduguri teaching hospital in northeastern Nigeria were interviewed over an 8-month period. We used standardised interviews including questions with ethnographic components to allow us to collect information about traditional beliefs about clefts. Interviews were recorded on tape for later analysis. Thirteen of the 16 parents from the Yoruba group attributed the aetiology of CLP to supernatural forces (evil spirits and ancestral spirits), while 16 of the 20 Hausa/Fulani parents attributed it to the "will of God". Twelve of 16 Yoruba parents had consulted traditional healers for treatment before coming to the hospital. Various plants and animal products were used to treat clefts and 10 of the Yoruba parents were referred to the hospital for further treatment by the traditional healers. Cultural and religious factors seem to have an important role in the explanations, labels and treatment that followed the birth of a child with CLP in this environment. There is a need for greater collaboration and sharing of information between modern medical practitioners and traditional healers.


Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Saúde , Fenda Labial/etiologia , Fissura Palatina/etiologia , Cultura , Mães/psicologia , Religião e Medicina , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Fenda Labial/etnologia , Fenda Labial/terapia , Fissura Palatina/etnologia , Fissura Palatina/terapia , Etnicidade/psicologia , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Medicinas Tradicionais Africanas , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nigéria/etnologia , Religião , Classe Social , Gravação de Videoteipe
13.
West Afr J Med ; 25(2): 110-8, 2006.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16918181

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To determine the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and prediction values of ultrasound as a means of diagnosis of cervico-facial soft tissue swellings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out ultrasonographic evaluation of 76 consecutive cases of cervico-facial soft tissue swellings that presented at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria from August 2002 to November 2003. The patients' demographics and relevant clinical information were obtained. Ultrasonographic evaluation was done using the B-mode transcutaneous ultrasonic imaging device with a transducer frequency of 5MHz. All the lesions were subjected to histopathological examination. RESULTS: There were 43(56.6%) males and 33(43.4%) females whose ages ranged from 2 weeks to 70 years (mean +/- SD; 22 +/- 19.7 years). Histologically, tumours constituted the highest percentage of swellings (35.5%), followed by cysts (26.3%). Males were more predominant in all classes of swellings except benign tumours. The accuracy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma was 80% and 100% for both adenocarcinoma and hemangioma. It was also 100% for majority of the cysts and HIV associated salivary gland swellings. The sensitivity of ultrasound in the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma was 80% and 100% for adenocarcinoma, hemangioma, all the cysts and HIV associated swellings. Ultrasound was also 100% specific in the diagnosis of monomorphic adenoma and hemangioma. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound is a useful diagnostic tool for cervicofacial soft tissue swellings. The accuracy of diagnosis is enhanced by the characteristics of the probe and the experience of the sonologist.


Assuntos
Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cistos/diagnóstico por imagem , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Hamartoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Ultrassonografia
14.
Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg ; 35(2): 127-31, 2006 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15955664

RESUMO

Reports have shown that severe midface trauma causes blindness and visual impairment but information from sub-Saharan Africa is sparse. A retrospective analysis was carried out of patients who sustained trauma to the midface and subsequently lost vision in one or both eyes. There were 25 males and 7 females whose ages ranged from 5 to 65 years (mean +/- SD, 33 +/- 13.3 years). All patients presented between 1 h and 7 days of sustaining injury (mean +/- SD, 1.9 +/- 1.9 days). Road traffic accidents (37.5%) and gunshot injuries (34.4%) were the commonest causes. Of the 32 patients identified with loss of vision, half sustained fractures of the zygomatic complex while a total of 54 soft-tissue and bony injuries were recorded. The majority of patients (68.8%) had a ruptured globe, followed by vitreoretinal haemorrhage and traumatic optic neuropathy in 18.7% and 12.5%, respectively. Visual acuity ranged from 6/60 to 'no light perception'. Surgical exploration, enucleation, evisceration or exenteration was the treatment method used for those with ruptured globes. About 10.8% of patients with severe midface trauma also sustained loss of vision in one eye. Loss of vision associated with severe midface trauma is most likely to occur with road traffic accidents and gunshot injuries. High impact from such incidents often causes extensive damage to the eyeball resulting in immediate and irreversible blindness.


Assuntos
Cegueira/etiologia , Ossos Faciais/lesões , Traumatismos Faciais/complicações , Acidentes de Trânsito , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Traumatismos Oculares/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nigéria , Estudos Retrospectivos , Distribuição por Sexo , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/complicações
15.
West Afr. j. med ; 25(2): 110-118, 2006. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | AIM (África) | ID: biblio-1273424

RESUMO

Purpose: To determine the accuracy; sensitivity; specificity and prediction values of ultrasound as a means of diagnosis of cervico-facial soft tissue swellings. Materials and methods: We carried out ultrasonographic evaluation of 76 consecutive cases of cervico-facial soft tissue swellings that presented at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex; Ile-Ife; Nigeria from August 2002 to November 2003. The patients' demographics and relevant clinical information were obtained. Ultrasonographic evaluation was done using the B-mode transcutaneous ultrasonic imaging device with a transducer frequency of 5MHz. All the lesions were subjected to histopathological examination. Results: There were 43(56.6) males and 33(43.4) females whose ages ranged from 2 weeks to 70 years (mean + SD; 22 + 19.7 years). Histologically; tumours constituted the highest percentage of swellings (35.5); followed by cysts (26.3). Males were more predominant in all classes of swellings except benign tumours. The accuracy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma was 80and 100for both adenocarcinoma and hemangioma. It was also 100for majority of the cysts and HIV associated salivary gland swellings. The sensitivity of ultrasound in the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma was 80and 100for adenocarcinoma; hemangioma; all the cysts and HIV associated swellings. Ultrasound was also 100specific in the diagnosis of monomorphic adenoma and hemangioma. Conclusion: Ultrasound is a useful diagnostic tool for cervicofacial soft tissue swellings. The accuracy of diagnosis is enhanced by the characteristics of the probe and the experience of the sonologist


Assuntos
Hiperostose Cortical Congênita , Ultrassonografia
16.
Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg ; 34(5): 499-502, 2005 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16053868

RESUMO

A retrospective study of 96 cases of temporomandibular joint dislocation was undertaken. Patients' ages ranged from 9 to 85 years (mean+/-SD, 35.3+/-17.4 years) and peak incidence was at 20-29 years. Mean duration was 7.9 weeks (range, 1h to 3 years). Acute, chronic and recurrent dislocations were seen in 46 (47.9%), 29 (30.2%) and 21 (21.9%) patients, respectively. Males dominated in all three categories but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.8). Excessive mouth opening while yawning (44 cases) was the commonest cause of dislocation, followed by road traffic accidents (13 cases). Ten patients (10.4%) had an underlying systemic disease, the commonest being epilepsy (four cases); those with acute dislocation recorded the highest incidence of underlying illness. Bilateral anterior (86 cases) dislocations were the most frequent. Of the 96 patients, 89 (92.7%) were available for treatment. Manual reduction with or without anaesthesia proved effective for 38/45 acute, 5/24 chronic and 14/20 recurrent cases. Chronic dislocations were treated mainly by surgical osteotomy (13/24). Vertical subsigmoid and oblique ramus osteotomies were the commonest surgical techniques recorded. Treatment was satisfactory for all patients surgically handled except for one case of anterior open bite postoperatively. This study has shown that excessive mouth opening while yawning is the commonest cause of temporomandibular joint dislocation in Nigerians, and conservative approaches to management remain quite effective irrespective of the duration and clinical subtype. The best choice of surgical technique should be determined by proper clinical evaluation and the need to avoid or minimize postoperative morbidity.


Assuntos
Luxações Articulares/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/epidemiologia , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Doença Crônica , Epilepsia/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Manipulação Ortopédica/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Osteotomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Bocejo
17.
Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg ; 43(3): 226-31, 2005 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15888358

RESUMO

We report the type and distribution of orofacial tumours in south-western Nigerian children and adolescents. The 512 records of patients with oral and maxillofacial tumours in the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, from 1991 to 2001, were searched and the 146 records (28%) of patients aged 19 years and less were reviewed. Their mean age was 10 years (female:male ratio 1:1.4). Of the 146 tumours 74 (51%) were malignant and 72 (49%) were benign. Of the latter 31 were from soft tissue and 41 were from the jaw (20 odontogenic and 21 non-odontogenic). The most common benign soft tissue and jaw tumours were gingival epulis and ameloblastoma respectively. Of the malignant tumours 67 were lymphomas, 5 sarcomas and 2 carcinomas.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Faciais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Bucais/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Ameloblastoma/epidemiologia , Linfoma de Burkitt/epidemiologia , Carcinoma/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Displasia Fibrosa Óssea/epidemiologia , Doenças da Gengiva/epidemiologia , Hemangioma/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Doenças Maxilomandibulares/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Maxilomandibulares/epidemiologia , Masculino , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Tumores Odontogênicos/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sarcoma/epidemiologia
19.
Afr J Reprod Health ; 8(3): 147-51, 2004 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17348332

RESUMO

A retrospective review of one hundred and seventy three cases of eclampsia seen between 1994 and 2002 was conducted. Twenty one patients (12.1%) whose ages ranged from 18 to 35 years sustained orofacial injuries during the course of their eclamptic fits. Lacerations and bruises on the tongue, gingivae and lips accounted for injuries in all the patients. Temporomandibular joint dislocation was also recorded in one patient. Tongue lacerations were mainly due to tongue biting. Forceful insertion of objects during convulsive episodes was responsible for the bruises and deep lacerations at the ventral surface of the tongue in two patients. Two patients died from severe and uncontrolled bleeding complicated by renal failure and aspiration pneumonia from lacerations on the tongue and gingivae. Vigorous campaign should be carried out to encourage antenatal care attendance by pregnant mothers so that potential cases of eclampsia could be nipped in the bud before progressing to frank eclampsia. Furthermore, additional injuries usually inflicted on pregnant women by anxious relatives from forceful insertion of unpadded objects as mouth props should be discouraged through public health promotional campaigns. Obstetricians should be aware of the possibility of these injuries in an unconscious eclamptic patient and their life-threatening consequences if not promptly diagnosed and managed. The need to seek appropriate and early dental or maxillofacial consultation where such injuries are suspected and where services are available is imperative.


Assuntos
Eclampsia , Traumatismos Faciais/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Lacerações/etiologia , Boca/lesões , Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos , Língua/lesões
20.
Afr J Med Med Sci ; 32(2): 119-29, 2003 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15032456

RESUMO

Ultrasonography is a diagnostic medical procedure that employs high frequency sound waves to produce dynamic visual images of organs, tissues, or blood flow inside the body. Until recently it found little application in oral and maxillofacial surgery despite the fact that it is readily available, non-invasive, relatively inexpensive, painless and can be repeated as often as possible without risk to the patient. This article reviews the available literature on the ultrasonographic examination of the head and neck with particular reference to oral and maxillofacial surgery and evaluates the applications of this imaging modality in modem clinical practice. It further highlights the need for clinicians to explore and fully appreciate the diagnostic value of this highly under-utilised imaging modality.


Assuntos
Anormalidades Craniofaciais/diagnóstico por imagem , Transtornos Craniomandibulares/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/diagnóstico por imagem , Traumatismos Maxilofaciais/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia , Anormalidades Craniofaciais/cirurgia , Transtornos Craniomandibulares/cirurgia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/cirurgia , Humanos , Traumatismos Maxilofaciais/cirurgia
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