[Changes in productivity of plant cells as result of cultivation under the space flight conditions]. / Izmenenie produktivnosti kletok rastenii pri kul'tivirovanii v kosmicheskikh usloviiakh.

Effects of space flight on growth and biosynthetic features of plant cells were studied in two strains of ginseng (Panax ginseng) differing in growth and particularly biosynthetic activities, a strain of Lithospermum Erythrorhizon and a strain of Macrotomia Euchroma which produce biologically active naphroquin-derived pigments. --and also differ in growth and biosynthetic properties. Following exposure aboard MIR and a Space shuttle, cells of the callosal cultures were subjected to callosal or suspension passaging. Biomass yield and biologically active substances--ginseng saponins ginsenoids and shikonin were determined in the cells cultures. There was no evidence for the biomass yield to be significantly altered by space flight; however, the content of biologically active substances was materially changed with the strain.

[Penetration of vaccinia virus through the mucosa of the small intestine and its dissemination in the body following enteric immunization of monkeys]. / Proniknovenie virusa ospovaktsiny cherez slizistuiu obolochku tonkogo kishechnika i ego disseminatsiia v organizme pri énteral'noi immunizatsii obez'ian.

The authors studied the penetration of variolo-vaccine virus through the mucosa of the small intestine of Macacus rhesus in enteral immunization, by immunofluorescent and virological methods. Fifteen minutes after the immunization the variolo-vaccine virus was revealed at the surface of the mucosal prismatic epithelium and in the t. mucosa propria within the cytoplasm of cells of the macrophage type. Dissemination of the process with detection of the variolo-vaccine virus in the blood, the lymph nodes, spleen and liver was determined within the range of 1 to 3 hours.

[The effects of enzymes and secretions of the gastrointestinal tract on the EB vaccine strain]. / Vliianie fermentov i sekretov zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta na vaktsinnyi shtamm EB

Experiments were conducted in vitro. A study was made of the action of the enzymes and of the secretions of the gastrointestinal tract on the viability of the EB vaccine strain. Sensitivity of bacterial cells to the action of saliva, gastric juice, intestinal contents, trypsin, and bile proved to differ. Gastric juice inactivated the vaccine strain which expressed a satisfactory resistance towards the rest of the factors under study practically immediately. There were revealed no significant morphological changes in the cells subjected to the two-hour action of saliva, bile, trypsin and the intestinal content, by means of the electron microscopic examination. These studies permitted to substantiate the rational form of the preparation for oral administration.

[Study of smallpox vaccine virus distribution in the body of rabbits following oral immunization]. / Izuchenie raspredeleniia v organizme virusa ospovaktsiny pri oral'noi immunizatsii krolikov

Virological and immunofluorescent methods were applied to the study of the distribution of the smallpox vaccine virus in the organs and tissues of rabbits immunized orally. It appeared that the vaccinal process developed with a predominant localization of the antigen in the regional (in respect to the site of administration) lymph nodes; the virus was revealed in the cell cytoplasm.