[A promising method of hygienic evaluation of air pollution inside the modules of the international space station by hydrazine derivatives].

The increasing frequency of ISS egress operations resulted in ISS air pollution by an uncharacteristic group of toxic compounds, i. e. propellant residues and products of propellant incomplete burning. High reactivity and toxicity of these compounds necessitated the development of a method of sanitary-chemical evaluation of ISS air safety given penetration of the new pollutants. The method is fulfilled in two stages. First is air sampling and then--sample analysis in ground laboratory by chromatography-mass spectrometry. Air sampling, as well as sample handling and analysis procedures were refined with the use of artificial gas mixtures. The proposed method shows promise as an instrument for the hygienic evaluation of ISS air pollution by hydrazine derivatives.

[Interleukin-1 production in patients with unilocular echinococcosis]. / Produktsiia interleikina-1 u bol'nykh odnokamernym ékhinokokkozom.

The production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) by peripheral blood monocytes was estimated by the H. R. Recalde method (1984) in 45 patients with echinococcosis and 10 virtually healthy controls. In echinococcosis patients interleukin-1 turned to be significantly lower (p less than 0.05) than in the controls (Kact 1.2 +/- 0.1 and 2.2 +/- 0.1 respectively). In patients with a malignant course of the disease (mostly in those with disseminated lung damages) Kact of Il-1 was 0.93 +/- 0.1. In patients who underwent surgical interventions 1.5-6 years before Kact of Il-1 reached 1.43 +/- 0.1 but was still lower (p less than 0.05) than in the controls. The lowest production of IL-1 was identified in patients with lung disseminated lesions and bone damages (Kact 0.9 +/- 0.1 and 0.79 +/- 0.1, respectively).

[Ectopic pregnancy during the use of intrauterine contraceptive devices]. / Ektopicheskaia beremennost' pri primenenii vnutrimatochnykh kontratseptivov.

PIP: The most efficient, convenient, relatively risk-free, and widely used form of contraception is the IUD. However, pregnancies do occur sporadically with this method. The IUD may also provoke interruptions of the menstrual function, disease syndromes, inflammation of the genitals, and be expulsed and cause perforation of the uterus, or be displaced. Literature provides contradictory evidence regarding the development of ectopic pregnancies in connection with the use of IUD, however, a 3.5-4 times higher frequency than for the general population has been reported. 210 operations were performed in the gynecological clinics in Yaroslavl for extrauterine pregnancy during the period 1984-87. For 36 patients (17.1%) an IUD (Lippes loop) was found in the uterine cavity. The majority of the women were in the age group 20-35. All patient except one were multiparous with an average of 1-3 births and from 2 to 5 induced abortions. 6 women had carried the IUD for less than a year, 27 women between 2 and 4 years, 2 women from 4 to 9 years, and 1 woman 11 years. All women were urgently treated and operated on within a few hours of being admitted to the clinics. During laparoscopic tests, 13 women showed rupture of the fallopian tubes with significant bleeding into the abdominal cavity. When the women first consulted the clinic, the diagnosis for most of them was either endometritis, disruption of the menstrual function, or acute adnexitis in connection with use of IUD, and only for 3 of them was an extrauterine pregnancy suspected, since the IUD makes that circumstance unlikely. The postoperative period was uneventful for all patients and they were discharged after 12-16 days. For users of IUD it is concluded that if the menstrual period is skipped and subsequent occurrence of disease symptoms or greasy or bloody excretions occur, the possibility of extrauterine pregnancy should be considered, and the patient should be directed to a gynecological clinic in order to pinpoint the diagnosis and arrange for treatment.^ieng