Cefoxitin for one day vs. ampicillin and metronidazole for three days in elective colorectal surgery. A prospective, randomized, multicenter study.

In a multicenter study the prophylactic efficacy of two antibiotic regimens was tested against postoperative septic complications following elective colorectal surgery. The study was conducted in a prospective block-randomized design. Patients were preoperatively allocated to either ampicillin, 1 gm, four times daily, and metronidazole, 0.5 gm, three times daily, for 72 hours, or to cefoxitin, 2 gm, given three times in a period of 10 hours. Both regimens were initiated immediately before surgery. Forty-five patients were withdrawn from the study after randomization. Three hundred fifty two patients (175 receiving ampicillin and metronidazole and 177 receiving cefoxitin) completed the study and were followed for one month postoperatively. The frequency of septic and nonseptic complications was not statistically significant different between the two regimens. About one third of all septic complications appeared more than two weeks after surgery. It is concluded that short-term treatment with cefoxitin is at least as efficient as a three-day treatment with ampicillin and metronidazole.

Persistent bladder dysfunction after surgical and combination therapy of cancer of the cervix uteri stages Ib and IIa.

The present study is a urologic follow-up investigation of 27 women 17 to 32 months after treatment for carcinoma of the cervix stage Ib and IIa. In 10 women treatment had been exclusively with surgery, while 17 women had received treatment with cesium before surgery. Two patients had major urologic problems with severe stress incontinence and persistent bladder infection, respectively, while 19 had minor urologic complaints on questioning. Nine of twenty-two women (41%) subjected to denervation supersensitivity tests had positive tests. No correlation between a positive denervation test and urologic complaints or findings at cystometrograms could be found. No differences in urologic complaints or results of denervation tests and cystometrograms were found between women treated with surgery exclusively or with cesium before surgery. All treated women had unimpaired renal function judged by serum creatinine and isotopic renography.

[Extrauterine pregnancy after sterilization]. / Ekstrauterin graviditet efter sterilisation.

PIP: The use of cohort or longitudinal analysis became common in demography only after World War II. The appearance of "Cohort Analysis: A Collection of Interdisciplinary Readings," edited by D.W. Hastings and L. Berry, affords an opportunity to examine the field. Longitudinal analysis probably originated in epidemiological studies, particularly of tuberculosis, where the longer perspective it offered led to a revison of assumptions about the age-related risks of disease. The articles appearing in the book are arranged in chapters which include an introduction and cover mortality, nuptiality, natality, survey findings, and methods of distinguishing between the influences of age, cohort, and historical epoch. The chapter on natality demonstrates the effectiveness of the cohort method in highlighting the significance of the timing of events. Fertility histories of various American cohorts born since the end of the 19th century, taken from the work of Whelpton and Ryder, are used to illustrate the method. Cohort analysis permits a refined analysis of the mechanisms involved in the postwar fertility rise in the US. Newer fields of cohort analysis in demography include interpretation of opinion data, political options and other individual characteristics.^ieng