Trends in antimicrobial utilization at a Spanish general hospital during a 5-year period.

PURPOSE: Antimicrobials are a major part of hospital pharmacy budgets and must be considered in resource planning and spending projections. This study describes the profile of antibiotic use at a medium-sized hospital (by examining the ICU separately) and analyses its evolution over the period 1996-2000. METHODS: Descriptive and retrospective study. Pharmacy records were reviewed to identify oral and parenteral antimicrobial agents administered to inpatients. Results were expressed in Daily Defined Doses (DDD) per 100 stays and day. RESULTS: During the 5-year study period 176.162 DDD/100 s-d of antibiotics were consumed in the ICU, whereas in the rest of the hospital usage was much lower (54.438 DDD/100 s-d). Aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, penicillins, glycopeptides and carbapenems were the most commonly used groups of antimicrobials in the ICU, and penicillins, cephalosporins, trimethoprim/sulfonamide combinations, aminoglycosides and quinolones in the rest of the hospital. CONCLUSIONS: ICUs have some special features which make them different to the other inpatient areas. Because of that fact we consider it important to study this specific patient-care area separately.