Cystometric evaluation of early and late irradiation damage to the mouse urinary bladder.

The present study reports a simple, non-invasive, in vivo method for detecting early and late radiation damage to the mouse urinary bladder using transurethral bladder filling. The study also describes a useful experimental model for irradiation of mouse urinary bladder without any concomitant irradiation of the rectum and bony structures and maximal shielding of the small intestine. Within 30 days after single fraction bladder irradiation at 5-30 Gy, repeated cystometric investigations reveal a change in the reservoir function of the bladder illustrated by a considerable dose-dependent decrease in the compliance of the bladder wall. The changes in the reservoir function is reversible hence the bladder function is restored after another month. At various time intervals after the irradiation, however, the late radiation damage appears, the time of manifestation being dose-dependent. This final change is irreversible and consistent with the clinically known contracted bladder.

User requirements on CT-based computed dose planning systems in radiation therapy. Presentation of 'check lists'.

The expanding use of computers in radiation therapy procedures, especially the rapidly increasing use of digital CT-information, necessitates the coordination of the different systems in order to facilitate their developments. In order to define necessary demands for tomorrow a Nordic cooperation was initiated 1981 by NORDFORSK (Nordic co-operative organization for applied research), and a group of physicians and physicists having their daily work in this field of medicine and physics was invited to produce a report on 'User requirements on CT-based computed dose planning systems on radiation therapy'. The work has been done within the frame of NORDFORSK's activities and has been independent of the existing commissions and associations in the radiology field, but it has taken into consideration recommendations that have been given by or are being produced by other organizations. This report is a short summary of the complete paper which will be published in Acta Radiologica. The aim of this short version is to get an early presentation of the 'requirement lists' (see Appendix) which we think are of immediate importance.

User requirements on CT-based computed dose planning systems in radiation therapy.

The expanding use of computers in radiation therapy procedures, especially the rapidly increasing use of digital CT information, necessitates the coordination of the different systems in order to facilitate their developments. In order to define necessary demands for tomorrow a Nordic cooperation was initiated 1981 by NORDFORSK (Nordic co-operative organization for applied research), and a group of physicians and physicists having their daily work in this field of medicine and physics was invited to produce a report on 'User requirements on CT-based computerized dose planning systems in radiotherapy'. The work has been done within the frame of NORDFORSK's activities. The working group has been independent of the existing commissions and associations in the radiology field, but it has taken into consideration recommendations that have been given by or are being produced by other organizations.