Treatment-associated change in apelin concentration in patients with hypertension and its relationship with left ventricular diastolic function.

OBJECTIVE: We examined the change in apelin concentration and its relationship with left ventricular diastolic function in patients treated for hypertension. METHODS: Ninety treatment-naive patients with newly diagnosed hypertension and 33 age- and sex-matched control subjects were prospectively enrolled. Patients with hypertension were randomized to treatment either with telmisartan 80 mg or amlodipine 10 mg. Apelin concentration was measured and echocardiography was performed at baseline and after 1 month of treatment. RESULTS: The data of 77 patients and 33 controls were analyzed. Mean age, gender, baseline blood pressure, apelin levels, and echocardiographic measurements were similar between the treatment groups (p>0.05 for all). Apelin concentration was significantly lower in patients with hypertension than in controls. There was a significant increase in apelin level after 1 month of treatment in both groups (0.32±0.17 vs. 0.38±0.17 ng/dL in telmisartan group, p=0.009, and 0.27±0.13 vs. 0.34±0.18 ng/dL in amlodipine group, p=0.013). Diastolic function improved significantly in both groups (p<0.05) but was not significantly associated with change in apelin concentration. CONCLUSION: Apelin concentration increased significantly after 1 month of effective treatment with telmisartan or amlodipine to a similar extent. Change in apelin concentration was not associated with improvement in diastolic function.

An extremely rare combination: pneumopericardium, pneumoperitoneum, and subcutanous emphysema-a case report.

Pneumopericardium, an accumulation of air in the pericardial cavity, occurs very rarely as compared to pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum. Clinical presentation is variable, patients are frequently asymptomatic, and mild cases usually resolve spontaneously. However, it may lead to pericardial tamponade, which requires rapid diagnosis and treatment that can be lifesaving. The traditional diagnostic, simple method of diagnosis is via an upright chest X-ray. Typical findings can be detected and a differential diagnosis can be made between pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium. Echocardiography and chest computed tomography scans can also support the diagnosis. Only one case of pneumopericardium after surgical pericardiotomy has been reported in the literature so far. In this case report, iatrogenic pneumopericardium, which resolved spontaneously after surgical pericardiotomy, was reported in a 19-year-old patient who had a rejected liver transplantation, and had liver and kidney failure with pericardial tamponade. In this case, pneumopericardium was accompanied by pneumoperitoneum and subcutaneous emphysema; an extremely rare combination.