Exploring the Association Between Textual Parameters and Psychological and Cognitive Factors.

Background: Textual data analysis has become a popular method for examining complex human behavior in various fields, including psychology, psychiatry, sociology, computer science, data mining, forensic sciences, and communication studies. However, identifying the most relevant textual parameters for analyzing complex behavior is still a challenge. Goal of Study: This paper aims to explore potential textual parameters that could be useful in analyzing behavior through complex textual data. Furthermore, we have examined the randomly generated text based on different textual parameters. Methods: To achieve this goal, we conducted a comprehensive review of the literature on textual data analysis and identified several potential topics that could be relevant, such as sentiment analysis, discourse analysis, lexical analysis, and syntactic analysis. We discuss the theoretical background and practical implications of each parameter and provide examples of how they have been used in previous research. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of considering the context in which these parameters are applied and the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to gain a deeper understanding of complex behavior through textual data analysis. Furthermore, we have provided Python code in the Supplementary Materials to facilitate a comprehensive analysis of such behaviors. In addition, to generate the text for analysis, we utilized ChatGPT 3.5 Turbo by requesting it to generate a random text of 1000 words divided into five paragraphs. Afterwards, we applied the provided Python code to analyze the randomly generated text. Conclusion: Overall, this paper provides a foundation for researchers to identify relevant textual parameters to analyze complex human behavior in their respective fields such as linguistics, sociology, psychiatry, and psychology.

Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Post-Spinal-Cord-Injury Anxiety and Depression: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.

The majority of research on the long-term effects of spinal cord injury (SCI) has primarily focused on neuropathic pain (NP), psychological issues, and sensorimotor impairments. Among SCI patients, mood disorders, such as anxiety and depression, have been extensively studied. It has been found that chronic stress and NP have negative consequences and reduce the quality of life for individuals living with SCI. Our review examined both human and experimental evidence to explore the connection between mood changes following SCI and inflammatory pathways, with a specific focus on NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. We observed increased proinflammatory factors in the blood, as well as in the brain and spinal cord tissues of SCI models. The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a crucial role in various diseases by controlling the release of proinflammatory molecules like interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß) and IL-18. Dysregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in key brain regions associated with pain processing, such as the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, contributes to the development of mood disorders following SCI. In this review, we summarized recent research on the expression and regulation of components related to NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in mood disorders following SCI. Finally, we discussed potential therapeutic approaches that target the NLRP3 inflammasome and regulate proinflammatory cytokines as a way to treat mood disorders following SCI.

Repeated methamphetamine exposure decreases plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in rhesus monkeys.

Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is known to prevent methamphetamine (METH)-induced neurotoxicity and plays a role in various stages of METH addiction. However, there is a lack of research with longitudinal design on changes in plasma BDNF levels in active METH-dependent individuals. Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate changes in BDNF levels during METH self-administration in monkeys. Methods: This study measured plasma BDNF levels in three male rhesus monkeys with continuous METH exposure and four male control rhesus monkeys without METH exposure. Changes in plasma BDNF levels were then assessed longitudinally during 40 sessions of METH self-administration in the three monkeys. Results: Repeated METH exposure decreased plasma BDNF levels. Additionally, plasma BDNF decreased with long-term rather than short-term accumulation of METH during METH self-administration. Conclusions: These findings may indicate that the changes in peripheral BDNF may reflect the quantity of accumulative METH intake during a frequent drug use period.

Tardive Dyskinesia Development, Superoxide Dismutase Levels, and Relevant Genetic Polymorphisms.

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a prevalent movement disorder that significantly impacts patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) due to extended exposure to antipsychotics (AP). Several genetic polymorphisms, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and DRD3 9ser, have been suggested as explanations why some patients suffer from TD. Methods. A PubMed search was used to search relevant articles using the following keywords: "Tardive Dyskinesia and Superoxide Dismutase". Fifty-eight articles were retrieved. Among them, 16 were included in this review. Results. Overall, 58 studies were retrieved from PubMed. Most studies investigated the association between TD and the SOD-related polymorphisms. In addition, previous studies reported an association between TD occurrence and other genetic polymorphisms. Conclusion. This study found that the risk of TD is associated with altered SOD levels and several genetic polymorphisms, including VAL 66 Met and DRD3 9ser.

Association between MnSOD Activity and Cognitive Impairment in Unmedicated First-Episode Schizophrenia: Regulated by MnSOD Ala-9Val Gene Polymorphism.

The imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants is thought to be responsible for aging and cognitive impairment in many degenerative diseases, including schizophrenia (SZ). As the first antioxidant enzyme to detoxify superoxide radicals in mitochondria, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity and its functional polymorphism of Ala-9Val have been found to be associated with SZ. In this study, we explored the association between MnSOD activity, MnSOD Ala-9Val polymorphism and cognitive dysfunction in unmedicated first-episode (UMFE) SZ patients, which has not been examined. We recruited 234 UMFE SZ patients and 232 healthy controls (HC) and evaluated them with Repeated Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), plasma MnSOD activity and MnSOD Ala-9Val (rs4880) polymorphism. In addition, we used the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) to assess the severity of patients' psychopathological symptoms. Compared with HC, UMFE patients showed extensive cognitive impairment on RBANS, and had higher MnSOD activity. MnSOD Ala-9Val polymorphism was not associated with SZ susceptibility and cognitive impairment, but only affected MnSOD activity in patients. Moreover, only in SZ patients with Val homozygotes, MnSOD activity was significantly correlated with cognitive impairment, especially in RBANS total score, visuospatial/constructional and attention index scores. Our results suggest that cognitive impairment is associated with MnSOD activity in patients with first-episode SZ, which may be regulated by MnSOD Ala-9Val polymorphism.

Prevalence, clinical correlates and risk factors associated with Tardive Dyskinesia in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.

Tardive Dyskinesia (TD) is a serious, nonrhythmic and iatrogenic movement disorder, and is a common comorbidity in patients with schizophrenia (SZ). The main goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence, clinical correlates, and risk factors of TD in Chinese patients with chronic SZ, which has not been fully studied. This study adopted a cross-sectional design. A total of 901 Chinese inpatients with SZ were recruited between 2008 and 2011. We used the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) to measure the severity of TD, and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to measure the psychopathological symptoms of SZ. Blood samples were also collected for routine blood tests, including the levels of triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHO), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-CHO), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-CHO), Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), and Apolipoprotein B (ApoB). Overall, 36% of patients with SZ had TD. Compared with the non-TD patients, the TD patients were more likely to be men, had older age, lower education level, higher smoking rate, higher hospitalization frequency, and longer duration of illness (DOI). Further, compared with the non-TD patients, the TD patients had higher PANSS total, PANSS negative subscale, and cognitive subscale scores, but had lower depressive subscale scores and lower mean levels of metabolic biomarkers, including TG, CHO, HDL-CHO, LDL-CHO, ApoA1 and ApoB. Moreover, binary regression analysis showed that antipsychotic type, BMI, gender, age, HDL-CHO, and ApoB were associated with TD. Our findings indicate that TD is a common movement disorder in patients with chronic SZ, with certain demographic and clinical variables being risk factors for the development of TD.